Agglomeration and Competitiveness: From Marshall to Chinitz

Abstract

Chinitz, like Marshall, is better known as a seminal theorist of the urban supply side than for his useful insights on continental economic regeneration. This paper draws on both themes in Chinitz's work. Assuming that the US trade deficit is a fiscal outcome, the question remains as to why some US industries flourish while others fail. The literature since 1988 emphasises the role of urban-industrial clusters in nurturing globally competitive industries. But Route 128's fall suggests limits to this view. The alternative theme is that continentality (1) provides a menu of economic cultures, and (2) generates feedback to demature declining older regions. Enter Europe's 1992. More generally, world development in the 1990s is seen as being led by three continental systems (including East Asia), and operating via the dance of continents and regions—now the primal economic constructs.

Entry in Greek Manufacturing Industry: Athens vs the Rest of Greece

“…It may be the case that urbanisation economies or even personal preferences play a more signi® cant role than the usual factors given by entry theory (Norton, 1992) . It may also be the case that regional entrants have a healthier attitude towards investment decisions which may be due to an encouraging but strict regional-industrial policy applied in the 1980 s in Greece.…”

Economic Bases of Ethnic Separatism in Turkey: An Evaluation of Claims and Counterclaims

“…Economic logic, when given priority, dictates the establishment of manufacturing enterprises and industries where population is large, per capita income and demand density are high, 69 transport costs are low, agglomeration economies are large, 70 and knowledgeable and co-operative networks 71 and producer services 72 public and the private industrial investments tended to concentrate in and around a few poles, Istanbul and Izmir in the Marmara and the Aegean regions respectively, except for the location-bound, raw material oriented, industries. Looking at Table 1 once more will indicate why this has been so.…”

New high‐tech industries and windows of locational opportunity: the role oflabour markets and knowledge institutions during the industrial era

“…Each wave, lasting for a period of 45 to 60 years, is believed to be characterized by a specific spatial pattern of new innovative developments, which are essentially different to those of other cycles (Hall, 1985;Marshall, 1987). More particularly, the ability of old industrial regions to generate new industries is often considered to be weakened in the course of time, because the strong orientation towards their techno-industrial legacy of the past may hinder or delay their capacity to adjust (Booth, 1986;Norton, 1992;Grabher, 1993).…”