Ageing and Obesity Shared Patterns: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Epigenetics

Ghanemi, Abdelaziz; Yoshioka, Mayumi; St‐Amand, Jonny

doi:10.3390/diseases9040087

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 121 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, combining the KO (and even a knockdown) of Sparc and an HFD would build a sarcopenic obesity animal model. In addition, such models would be further optimized in aged animals (compared to young animals), especially given that ageing and obesity have shared patterns [79]. The advantages of such an animal model are that it would have the two features of the disease that are enhanced.…”

Section: Sparc Ko To Optimize Sarcopenic Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (Sparc) KO Leads to an Accelerated Ageing Phenotype Which Is Improved by Exercise Whereas SPARC Overexpression Mimics Exercise Effects in Mice

et al. 2022

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Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular glycoprotein implicated in various functions, including metabolism, tissue regeneration, and functional homeostasis. SPARC/Sparc declines with ageing but increases with exercise. We aim to verify two hypotheses: (1) SPARC deficiency leads to an ageing-like phenotype (metabolic decline, muscle loss, etc.), and (2) SPARC overexpression would mimic exercise, counteract ageing, and improve age-related changes. Our mice experiments are divided into two parts. First, we explore the consequences of Sparc knockout (KO) and compare them to the ageing effects. We also observe the effects of exercise. In the second part, we study the effects of SPARC overexpression and compare them to the exercise benefits. At the end, we make an analysis of the results to point out the analogies between Sparc KO and the ageing-like phenotype on the one hand and make comparisons between SPARC overexpression and exercise in the context of exercise counteracting ageing. The measurements were mainly related to tissue weights, adiposity, metabolism, and muscle strength. The main findings are that Sparc KO reduced glucose tolerance, muscle glucose transporter expression, and abdominal adipose tissue weight but increased glycogen content in the muscle. SPARC overexpression increased muscle strength, muscle mass, and expressions of the muscle glucose transporter and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation but lowered the glycemia and the adiposity, especially in males. Collectively, these findings, and the data we have previously reported, show that Sparc KO mice manifest an ageing-like phenotype, whereas SPARC overexpression and exercise generate similar benefits. The benefits are towards counteracting both the SPARC deficiency-induced ageing-like phenotype as well as reversing the age-related changes. The potential applications of these findings are to build/optimize Sparc KO-based animal models of various health conditions and, on the other hand, to develop therapies based on introducing SPARC or targeting SPARC-related pathways to mimic exercise against age-related and metabolic disorders.

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Section: Sparc Ko To Optimize Sarcopenic Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (Sparc) KO Leads to an Accelerated Ageing Phenotype Which Is Improved by Exercise Whereas SPARC Overexpression Mimics Exercise Effects in Mice

et al. 2022

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“…Obesity can also develop as results of gene disruption or deficiency, such as the Brd2 gene [ 10 , 11 ] and the leptin gene [ 12 , 13 ], both leading to metabolic pathways towards an obesity-related phenotype. In addition, obesity has also epigenetics factors [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The related adiposity distribution depends on many factors and also impacts the pathological outcomes of obesity [ 18 ].…”

Section: Obesity and The Ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet Impact on Obesity beyond Calories and Trefoil Factor Family 2 (TFF2) as an Illustration: Metabolic Implications and Potential Applications

2021

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Obesity is a health problem with increasing impacts on public health, economy and even social life. In order to reestablish the energy balance, obesity management focuses mainly on two pillars; exercise and diet. Beyond the contribution to the caloric intake, the diet nutrients and composition govern a variety of properties. This includes the energy balance-independent properties and the indirect metabolic effects. Whereas the energy balance-independent properties are close to “pharmacological” effects and include effects such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, the indirect metabolic effects represent the contribution a diet can have on energy metabolism beyond the caloric contribution itself, which include the food intake control and metabolic changes. As an illustration, we also described the metabolic implication and hypothetical pathways of the high-fat diet-induced gene Trefoil Factor Family 2. The properties the diet has can have a variety of applications mainly in pharmacology and nutrition and further explore the “pharmacologically” active food towards potential therapeutic applications.

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“…Ageing is defined as the biological decline of diverse functions and processes within cells, tissues, and organisms over time [ 1 , 2 ]. Biological ageing can also be defined as the cellular and tissue changes that develop through one’s lifespan.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These changes include metabolic decline [ 3 ], skeletal muscle mass loss [ 4 ], adipose tissue dysfunction [ 5 , 6 ], cognitive decline [ 7 ], and immunosenescence [ 8 ]. Ageing involves molecular and cellular changes such as epigenetic modifications, inflammation, and impaired regeneration [ 2 ]. Delaying ageing has been the focus of humans for a long time, with ancient philosophers/civilizations describing the fountain of youth [ 9 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic Expression between Ageing and Exercise: Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine as a Potential “Exercise Substitute” Antiageing Therapy

Ghanemi

Yoshioka

St‐Amand

2022

Genes

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Ageing is the effect of time on biological entities. It represents a risk factor for a variety of diseases and health disorders; thus, therapeutic options are required to tackle ageing issues. Modern geriatric medicine prescribes exercise to counteract ageing effects. This work presents secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) as a potential antiageing therapy. Indeed, SPARC declines with ageing, exercise induces SPARC, and SPARC overexpression in mice mimics exercise. Thus, we hypothesize that SPARC is an exercise-induced factor that is beyond—at least part of—the antiageing effects induced by exercise. This could become a potential antiageing therapy for the elderly that counteracts ageing by mimicking the effects of exercise without needing to perform exercise. This is of particular importance because ageing usually reduces mobility and age-related diseases can reduce the ability to perform the required physical activity. On the other hand, the possibilities of mimicking exercise benefits via SPARC are not limited to ageing, and can be applied in various contexts in which exercise cannot be performed because of physical disabilities, health disorders, or limited mobility.

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Ageing and Obesity Shared Patterns: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Epigenetics

Cited by 17 publications

References 121 publications

Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (Sparc) KO Leads to an Accelerated Ageing Phenotype Which Is Improved by Exercise Whereas SPARC Overexpression Mimics Exercise Effects in Mice

Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (Sparc) KO Leads to an Accelerated Ageing Phenotype Which Is Improved by Exercise Whereas SPARC Overexpression Mimics Exercise Effects in Mice

Diet Impact on Obesity beyond Calories and Trefoil Factor Family 2 (TFF2) as an Illustration: Metabolic Implications and Potential Applications

Genetic Expression between Ageing and Exercise: Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine as a Potential “Exercise Substitute” Antiageing Therapy

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