Aged garlic extract reduces left ventricular myocardial mass in patients with diabetes: A prospective randomized controlled double‑blind study

Hutchins, Elizabeth; Shaikh, Kashif; Kinninger, April; Cherukuri, Lavanya; Birudaraju, Divya; Mao, Song; Nakanishi, Rine; Almeida, Simone Gonçalves de; Jayawardena, Eranthi; Shekar, Chandana; Flores, Fredinand; Hamal, Sajad; Sheikh, Salman; Johanis, Amit; Cu, Benedict; Trad, George; Budoff, Matthew J.

doi:10.3892/etm.2019.8373

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Patients in both groups continued to see their primary care physicians and continued their regular medications. All the baseline data at entry into this study in both groups have been previously described (16). No statistically significant differences were found between the groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aged garlic extract reduces low attenuation plaque in coronary arteries of patients with diabetes: A�randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled study

et al. 2019

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Several previous studies have demonstrated that aged garlic extract (AGE) inhibits the progression of coronary artery calcification and non-calcified plaque (NCP) in the general population. However, its effects on plaque progression in patients with diabetes have not yet been investigated, at least to the best of our knowledge. This study investigated whether AGE reduces the coronary plaque volume measured by cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). A total of 80 participants with DM with a median age of 57 years were prospectively assigned to consume 2,400 mg AGE/day (after completion, 37 participants) or placebo (after completion, 29 participants) orally. Both groups underwent CCTA at baseline and follow-up 365 days apart. In total, 66 participants completed the study. Coronary plaque volume, including total plaque (TP), dense calcium (DC), fibrous, fibro-fatty and low-attenuation plaque (LAP) volumes were measured based upon pre-defined intensity cutoff values using semi-automated software (QAngio CT). Changes in various plaque types were normalized to the total coronary artery length. The non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed to examine the differences in plaque formation between the 2 groups. No significant differences were found in the baseline characteristics between the AGE and placebo groups. Compared with the placebo group, the AGE group exhibited a statistically significant regression in normalized LAP [median and standard deviation (SD)-0.2 (18.8) vs. 2.5 (69.3), P=0.0415]. No differences were observed in TP, fibrous, or fibrofatty plaque volumes between the AGE and placebo group. On the whole, this study indicated that the %LAP change in the AGE group was significantly greater than that in the placebo group in patients with diabetes. However, further studies are warranted to evaluate whether AGE has the ability to stabilize vulnerable plaque and decrease adverse cardiovascular events.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aged garlic extract reduces low attenuation plaque in coronary arteries of patients with diabetes: A�randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled study

et al. 2019

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“…There have been an increasing amount of data indicating the beneficial effect of AGE on many systemic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, arterial elasticity, endothelial dysfunction, and etc. (16,(24)(25)(26) The present study adds another important piece of information to the list of AGE effect, i.e., an effective prevention of the oral cavity disease that may also help reduce the global burden of chronic diseases. However, it is important to carry out some additional studies to determine its accurate dosage and duration of usage and above all to investigate the basic mode of its action.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Beneficial effect of aged garlic extract on periodontitis: a randomized controlled double-blind clinical study

Zini

Mann

Mazor

et al. 2020

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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The purpose of this study is to assess the long-term efficacy of aged garlic extract to improve periodontitis. Two hundred and one participants were randomly stratified and assigned equally to the regimen group or the control group. At the start, 12 month, and 18 month subjects received dental examination and periodontal evaluation. Probing Pocket Depth and Gingival Recession were examined. For each efficacy parameter, the mean value of examination was calculated and assessed using paired-difference t tests. Statistical tests were two-sided using a 5% significance level. The mean value of pocket depth for the aged garlic extract group at 18 month was 1.06 ± 0.49 as compared to the baseline value of 1.89 ± 0.74 ( p <0.001) and the corresponding value of 1.50 ± 0.46 for the placebo group ( p <0.001), indicating the beneficial effect of aged garlic extract on periodontitis. According to a Multiple linear regression analysis the only three variables which reached statistical significance as predictors of PPD level were the baseline PPD scores ( p <0.001), smoking ( p = 0.020), and consumption of daily dose of aged garlic extract ( p <0.001). These results demonstrated that aged garlic extract is an effective supplement for preventing or improving periodontal disease. The well demonstrated benefits of aged garlic extract for the oral disease may also be used as a means to improve general health because of the close relationship between periodontitis and some systemic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and others.

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“…Patients current medications, such as aspirin, hypertensive or hyperlipidemia or diabetic medications, did not change during the 3 months of the study. The baseline characteristics of the patients have been published elsewhere (14).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‑term impact of aged garlic extract on endothelial function in diabetes: A randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled trial

et al. 2019

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Impaired endothelial function portends an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Vascular oxidative stress and systemic inflammation play a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of vascular disease. Aged garlic extract (AGE) may improve impaired vascular endothelial function, while decreasing the progression of atherosclerotic plaque. We hypothesized that AGE may improve endothelial function, and in this study, we examined this hypothesis to determine whether this can be achieved over a period of 3 months, measured by the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), by reducing intracellular oxidant stress and stimulating nitric oxide generation in endothelial cells. We conducted a double-blinded placebo controlled, randomized clinical trial to investigate the effects of AGE on CAVI in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 65 individuals (38 men and 27 women) with a mean age of 58.8±11.1 years were enrolled and randomized to the AGE or placebo group in a double-blind placebo controlled trial. An ANOVA model with treatment as the main effect was used to compare changes in CAVI from baseline to follow-up between groups. The primary objective of this study was reduction in CAVI over a 3-month period. In the AGE group, CAVI was reduced on average by 0.71±1.27 vs. a mean reduction of 0.13±0.94 in the placebo group (P=0.04). On the whole, this study demonstrates that AGE has a positive impact on endothelial function in patients with T2DM and may play a role in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.

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Aged garlic extract reduces left ventricular myocardial mass in patients with diabetes: A prospective randomized controlled double‑blind study

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Aged garlic extract reduces low attenuation plaque in coronary arteries of patients with diabetes: A�randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled study

Aged garlic extract reduces low attenuation plaque in coronary arteries of patients with diabetes: A�randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled study

Beneficial effect of aged garlic extract on periodontitis: a randomized controlled double-blind clinical study

Short‑term impact of aged garlic extract on endothelial function in diabetes: A randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled trial

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