Age, Tibial Plateau Angle, Sex, and Weight as Risk Factors for Contralateral Rupture of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament in Labradors

Buote, Nicole J.; Fusco, Jason V.; Radasch, Robert M.

doi:10.1111/j.1532-950x.2009.00532.x

Cited by 90 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This disparity suggests either different dog or work behavioural risks, or both. Risks to a dog for cruciate disease include angulation of the tibial plateau, a narrow tibial tuberosity, breed, and large bodyweight (Duval et al 1999;Witsberger et al 2008;Buote et al 2009;Inauen et al 2009). Work behaviour is likely to be different between breeds with regard to stifl e injuries because of the over-representation of Heading dogs in the category of multiple injuries to ligaments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of diseases of working farm dogs in New Zealand

Cave¹,

Bridges²,

Cogger³

et al. 2009

New Zealand Veterinary Journal

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AIMS:To record the incidence of specifi c diseases affecting working farm dogs; identify any apparent breed predispositions; determine the most important causes of loss from death, euthanasia, or retirement of the dog; and identify potential interventions that could reduce the incidence of disease. METHODS:A national questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the incidence of specifi c diseases, and circumstances of trauma affecting working farm dogs that presented to rural veterinary practices over a 12-month period, between April 2008 and April 2009. The practices were convenience-sampled on the basis of geography and size. RESULTS:Sixty-six practices were approached, and veterinarians from 30 practices agreed to participate, with representation from all major rural regions of New Zealand. Data were provided on 2,214 presentations, excluding revisits, of which 51% were for Huntaways and 39% Heading dogs. Trauma was identifi ed as a cause of injury in 848 (38%) visits. Huntaways were apparently over-represented in cases of constipation, gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), theriogenological problems, laryngitis, hip dysplasia, and degenerative lumbosacral disease. In contrast, Heading dogs were over-represented among cases of multiple ligamentous injury of the stifl e, disruption of the gastrocnemius or Achilles tendon, tarsal injuries, and hip luxation. Traumatic injury involved injury by stock (20%), automotive incidents (19%), transit across fence lines (16%), and dog bites (12%). Loss occurred following 10% of visits, of which trauma was known to be involved in 32%. The most important nontraumatic causes of loss were GDV, degenerative joint disease, mammary neoplasia and diseases involving the female reproductive tract, cardiac disease, and poisoning.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Several important diseases appear amenable to intervention through nutrition, neutering, or behavioural modifi cation, including constipation, GDV, theriogenological problems, dog-bite injuries, and laryngitis. Altering modes of transit across fence lines has the potential to reduce large numbers of serious orthopaedic injuries to working farm dogs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of diseases of working farm dogs in New Zealand

Cave¹,

Bridges²,

Cogger³

et al. 2009

New Zealand Veterinary Journal

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show abstract

“…For this reason, the geometry of proximal tibia has been studied in detail (Selmi and Filho 2001;Baroni et al 2003;Reif and Probst 2003;Reif et al 2004;Osmond et al 2006;Dismukes et al 2007 andBuote et al 2009). However, there is limited data on the geometry of the distal femur focusing on the intercondylar fossa Montgomery et al 1995;Comerford et al 2006;Sellmeyer et al 2007;Lewis et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometry of the femoral condyles in dogs

2011

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The stifle joint is one of the most important joints in dogs from the orthopaedic point of view. The aim of this study was to document the morphometric values of femoral condyles, given the close relationship between the shape and function of an anatomic structure. The left femora of 16 mid-sized dogs were used, and diameter and nine radii as well as cranial and caudal bow lengths from each condyle were measured. The photographs were taken of the distal femora from both sides. All measurements were obtained from these images by using software. Additionally, the rotation angle was calculated from the intercondylar distance and the difference between lateral and medial bow lengths. In addition to the rotation angle, the difference of diameter and nine radii between the lateral and medial condyles was determined. All radii except getting at 90° were significantly different between the medial and lateral condyles. The greatest values were determined in the caudal part of the medial condyle. This results the smaller contact area and a greater pressure on the underlying surface, and therefore the meniscus and articular cartilage of the caudal part of the medial side suggests the possibility of a risk of injury as the stifle joint flexes. The mean rotational angle of the femur was also calculated to be 2.18° laterally and 1.02° medially in the caudal and cranial parts of condyles, respectively. The result of this study showed that the lateral and medial condyles had different shapes in canine femur.

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“…In previous work, analysis of this risk has been reported as an incidence after surgery (percentage of patients within the cohort). This risk is in the range of 22–54% at 6 to 17 months of diagnosis [6], [8]–[11]. More recently survival analysis has been used to evaluate risk factors for development of contralateral CR [7], [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiographic Risk Factors for Contralateral Rupture in Dogs with Unilateral Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture

et al. 2014

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BackgroundComplete cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CR) is a common cause of pelvic limb lameness in dogs. Dogs with unilateral CR often develop contralateral CR over time. Although radiographic signs of contralateral stifle joint osteoarthritis (OA) influence risk of subsequent contralateral CR, this risk has not been studied in detail.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe conducted a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of client-owned dogs with unilateral CR to determine how severity of radiographic stifle synovial effusion and osteophytosis influence risk of contralateral CR over time. Detailed survival analysis was performed for a cohort of 85 dogs after case filtering of an initial sample population of 513 dogs. This population was stratified based on radiographic severity of synovial effusion (graded on a scale of 0, 1, and 2) and severity of osteophytosis (graded on a scale of 0, 1, 2, and 3) of both index and contralateral stifle joints using a reproducible scoring method. Severity of osteophytosis in the index and contralateral stifles was significantly correlated. Rupture of the contralateral cranial cruciate ligament was significantly influenced by radiographic OA in both the index and contralateral stifles at diagnosis. Odds ratio for development of contralateral CR in dogs with severe contralateral radiographic stifle effusion was 13.4 at one year after diagnosis and 11.4 at two years. Odds ratio for development of contralateral CR in dogs with severe contralateral osteophytosis was 9.9 at one year after diagnosis. These odds ratios were associated with decreased time to contralateral CR. Breed, age, body weight, gender, and tibial plateau angle did not significantly influence time to contralateral CR.ConclusionSubsequent contralateral CR is significantly influenced by severity of radiographic stifle effusion and osteophytosis in the contralateral stifle, suggesting that synovitis and arthritic joint degeneration are significant factors in the disease mechanism underlying the arthropathy.

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Age, Tibial Plateau Angle, Sex, and Weight as Risk Factors for Contralateral Rupture of the Cranial Cruciate Ligament in Labradors

Abstract: Approximately 50% of Labradors will rupture the contralateral CCL within 5.5 months of the initial rupture but age, weight, sex, and TPA cannot be used as predictive features.

Cited by 90 publications

References 26 publications

A survey of diseases of working farm dogs in New Zealand

A survey of diseases of working farm dogs in New Zealand

Geometry of the femoral condyles in dogs

Radiographic Risk Factors for Contralateral Rupture in Dogs with Unilateral Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture

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