Age-specific serum prostate specific antigen ranges among apparently healthy Nigerian men without clinical evidence of prostate cancer

Ikuerowo, Stephen Odunayo; Ajala, M O; Abolarinwa, Abimbola Ayodeji; Omisanjo, Olufunmilade Akinfolarin

doi:10.4103/1117-6806.169821

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…4,17 We noted same race similarity of the 95th percentile total PSA levels (4.93 versus 4.7.8), (6.93 versus 5.47) and (7.80 versus 8.93) for age groups 40-49, 50-59 and 60-69 between this study and that of the recent communitybased study in Nigeria but significant variation with other race groups as shown in Table 3. 11,13,14,16 The little insignificant variation observed between our study and the recent Nigeria study could be due to serum PSA assay methodological differences. This similarity gives credence to the influence of race on PSA values, with men of the same race having similar values while variation existing between race groups.…”

contrasting

confidence: 63%

“…Supporting this observation in this study also is the positive correlation of total PSA concentration levels and patients age (rs=<0.395; p= <0.001) as shown in Figure 1 which is in consonance with the findings from the recent Nigeria study where they reported correlation between serum total PSA levels and age also (r=0.097; p <0.001). 11 Prostate volume has been observed to increase as men age and with this increase in volume of the gland results in more total PSA to be released into the systemic circulation. 9 This expansion in prostate volume has been more pronounced in blacks than the Caucasian, therefore, contributing to the reason why black men seem to have higher total PSA concentrations than their Caucasian, Chinese and Japanese counterparts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a recent community-based study in the South-west of the country has also reported ageadjusted PSA reference values of Nigeria men. 11 The authors had concluded with a suggestion on the need to use their reported age-specific total PSA reference ranges in Nigeria. These authors had determined the age-specific total PSA reference range of Nigerian men in 10-year-age groups (40-49, 50-59 and 60-69), but no reference was reported for men between the age of 70-79years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-specific serum prostate-specific antigen references range among healthy men in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: a retrospective hospital-based study

Amadi

Odum

2018

Int J Res Med Sci

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Background: Total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels increase with advancing age. Its age-specific ranges are being advocated to increase its sensitivity and specificity. This study was aimed to examine the relationship between total PSA levels and age, and to determine the age-specific ranges among healthy men without prostatic diseases in our environment.Methods: In this retrospective hospital-based study, records of men without prostatic diseases who had visited University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital for routine screening for prostate cancer using serum total PSA between 1st January 2012 and 31st December 2016 were retrieved and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman’s correlation test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Records of 476 men aged 38 to 86 years were recruited for the study. The age-specific total PSA reference range using the 95th percentile total PSA concentration values in each 10year groups were 0-1.60, 0-4.93, 0-6.93, 0-7.80, 0-9.65, and 0-13.30 for the age groups 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79 and >80years respectively. There was a positive correlation between serum PSA concentration and age (rs = 0.395; p<0.001).Conclusions: Total PSA increases with advancing age and its age-specific reference range in this study are similar to findings in our environment but higher than the values found in other parts of the world. We suggest serum PSA normal reference values should be characterized by age and race in our environment.

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confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-specific serum prostate-specific antigen references range among healthy men in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: a retrospective hospital-based study

Amadi

Odum

2018

Int J Res Med Sci

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“…The current study revealed lower levels of serum PSA (median, 95th percentile) among Saudi men in comparison with other populations such as Nigerian [14], Turkish [16], African American [12], and white American men [11]. The 95th percentile of Saudi men was very similar to that of Korean men [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Age-Specific Reference Ranges of Prostate-Specific Antigen among Saudi Men as a Representation of the Arab Population

et al. 2019

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Objective: To describe the reference ranges of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in Saudi men. Materials/Subjects and Methods: Saudi males, aged 30 and above, were invited to participate in the study. Blood samples were taken from each subject to determine serum levels of PSA. Blood sugar levels, lipid profile, and anthropometric measurements were also obtained. Results: Our cohort consisted of 7,814 men; their mean PSA level was 1.24 ng/mL. The majority (90.5%) had PSA values between 0 and 2.5 ng/mL. The median PSA and the 95th percentile increased steadily with age. There was a sharp increase in the 95th percentile, from 3.8 ng/mL in men between 60 and 70 years old to 6.9 ng/mL in men over 71 years old. The 95th percentiles of PSA serum levels were lower in Saudi men than in the general population. Conclusions: PSA serum levels in Saudi men are lower than in other communities. Creating age-specific reference ranges could improve the sensitivity of the PSA tests by allowing the detection of treatable tumors in younger men if the threshold of 4.0 ng/mL is lowered. Furthermore, unnecessary biopsies among older men may be avoided if the threshold is increased.

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“…Thus Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa, is largely a microcosm of the West African subregion. The prevalence of abnormal PSA among apparently healthy men in West Africa ranges from 6.6% to 11.2%,[ 24 25 26 27 ] whereas the combined prevalence of abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) and PSA >4 ng/mL ranges from 5.8% to 7.1%,[ 25 26 ]…”

Section: Mortality-to-incidence Ratios and Screening For Prostate Canmentioning

confidence: 99%

High mortality risk of prostate cancer patients in Asia and West Africa: A systematic review

Okoye

2020

Avicenna J Med

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Globally, prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most preponderant cancer in men. It contributes to the high mortality-to-incidence ratio reported in West Africa and Asia largely due to low screening. The mortality risk is determined or predicted based on the prevalence of high-risk or aggressive PCa using a scoring or grading system such as Gleason score (GS), Gleason grade (GG), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. In this review, peer-reviewed articles found on databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed Central and, EMBASE were selected based on adherence to clinical guidelines for the classification of PCa. In West Africa and Asia, the result revealed that the frequency of high-risk PCa was 42% and 51.2% based on GS, 48.8% and 25.3% based on GG pattern, and 87.5% and 44.3% based on PSA level >10 ng/mL, respectively. Data revealed a high prevalence of high-risk PCa both in West Africa and Asia when compared with developed countries. However, the prevalence of high-risk PCa is higher in West Africa than in Asia. Studies have shown that high-risk PCas are associated with germline mutations and such mutations are prevalent in blacks and Asians than in whites. Thus, testing for germline mutations in patients with GS of ≥ 7, GG ≥ 3, high prostate density, low prostate volume, and PSA levels of >4.0 ng/mL may identify those at risk of developing lethal PCa and could reduce the mortality rates in Asia and West Africa.

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Age-specific serum prostate specific antigen ranges among apparently healthy Nigerian men without clinical evidence of prostate cancer

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Age-specific serum prostate-specific antigen references range among healthy men in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: a retrospective hospital-based study

Age-specific serum prostate-specific antigen references range among healthy men in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: a retrospective hospital-based study

Age-Specific Reference Ranges of Prostate-Specific Antigen among Saudi Men as a Representation of the Arab Population

High mortality risk of prostate cancer patients in Asia and West Africa: A systematic review

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