Age-related ranges of respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) reference values for infants and children

A novel noninvasive approach for evaluating work of breathing indices in a developmental rat model using respiratory inductance plethysmography

“…With regard to repeatability and credibility of the pneuRIP system, it has been validated with respect to bench studies and healthy volunteer comparisons with the gold standard, Respitrace 15 . It is noteworthy to mention that the variations in WOB indices (phase angle and LBI) are quite small and that the normality of phase angle and LBI for the presented rodents is similar to that reported for healthy humans in the age range of 3 to 18 years 15,17,18 .…”

“…The phase angle histogram (Fig. 3c) showed a clustering of measured data points below 30° and demonstrated that 96.2% of the phase angle data values were within the range (0 ≤ Ф ≤ 30°) as shown for healthy humans 15,18 . In Fig.…”

“…3d, the LBI histogram showed a clustering of measured data points between 1 and 1.10; the LBI histogram demonstrated that 88.5% of the www.nature.com/scientificreports/ data values were within the normal range. The distribution for phase angle and LBI was within a narrow normal range, a single-distribution clustering 15,18 . These WOB index findings were consistent with those of our previous human studies 12,16,17 .…”

“…In most cases, the PFT changes in small animals correspond to changes in human PFTs 4 . In general, for humans and most mammals, normal synchronous breathing is observed at Ф < 30° and LBI < 1.05 18 . A phase angle of 0° represents perfect synchrony between the chest and abdominal compartments 19 .…”

“…As shown in Table 1, the mean ± SEM of phase angle of 8.94 ± 0.22° and LBI of 1.04 ± 0.001 for rats were considered within the normal range compared with humans based on our previous studies 15,17,18 as well as others [10][11][12] . The results of HR, SPO 2 , ETCO 2 , and BPM were consistent with the results in our previous rat study 14 .…”