Age‐related morphometry of equine calcified cartilage

Martinelli, M; Eurell, J. C.; Les, Clifford M.; Fyhrie, David P.; Bennett, David

doi:10.2746/042516402776186100

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Interestingly, no tidemark was identified in the three sheep aged 6 months. This is in agreement with reports that calcified cartilage layer does not begin to develop until well into the first year post‐partum (Martinelli, Eurell, Les, Fyhrie, & Bennett, ). In horses, functional adaptation of articular cartilage occurs during maturation (Brama, TeKoppele, Bank, Barneveld, & van Weeren, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Age‐related morphometric changes of the tidemark in the ovine stifle

Hontoir

Pirson

Simon

et al. 2019

Anat Histol Embryol

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Though the ovine stifle is commonly used to study osteoarthritis, there is limited information about the age‐related morphometric changes of the tidemark. The objective of this study was to document the number of tidemarks in the stifle of research sheep without clinical signs of osteoarthritis and of various ages (n = 80). Articular cartilage of the medial and lateral tibial condyles and of the medial and lateral femoral condyles was assessed by histology: (a) to count the number of tidemark; and (b) to assess the OARSI (Osteoarthritis Research Society International) score for structural changes of cartilage. The number of tidemarks varied between anatomical regions, respectively, from 4.2 in the medial femoral condyle to 5.0 in the lateral tibial condyle. The axial part showed a significant higher number of tidemarks than the abaxial part, for all regions except the medial tibial condyle. Whilst the tidemark count strongly correlated with age (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.70; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.67–0.73; p < 0.0001), the OARSI score was weakly correlated with age in our cohort of sheep (Spearman's correlation coefficient = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.19–0.30; p < 0.0001). Interestingly, no tidemark was seen in the three animals aged 6 months. Our data indicate that the number of tidemarks increases with age and vary with anatomical region. The regional variation also revealed a higher number of tidemarks in the tibia than in the femur. This could be attributed to the local variation in cartilage response to strain and to the difference in chondrocyte biology and density.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Age‐related morphometric changes of the tidemark in the ovine stifle

Hontoir

Pirson

Simon

et al. 2019

Anat Histol Embryol

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“…The RPI method predominantly assessed the local biomechanical properties of the calcified cartilage, as our maximum probe penetration depth was less than the mean reported thickness of metacarpal condylar calcified cartilage . In particular, it is a measure of the propensity for microcrack formation and the calcified cartilage is the site at which microcracks most commonly originate .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurements were spaced approximately every 1–2 mm across the articular surface based on published cortical bone protocols . The maximum depth of penetration was 134.84 μm which is less than the mean reported thickness of distal metacarpal condylar calcified cartilage (175 μm) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical testing of the calcified metacarpal articular surface and its association with subchondral bone microstructure in Thoroughbred racehorses

Williamson

Sims

Thomas

et al. 2017

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Commencement of race training is associated with altered material properties of the calcified articular surface in horses. Reduced articular surface material properties can also be detected in horses that have fatigue injuries of the distal metacarpus and at other sites in the skeleton. Measures of SCB connectivity and trabecular surface shape may be more important determinants of resistance to failure of the calcified articular surface than traditional measures such as SCB volume and density.

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“…We applied these techniques to study the osteochondral junction, with particular emphasis on the tide mark and cement line, in the equine metacarpophalangeal joint. The metacarpal joint displays consistent regional variations in superficial cartilage structure that have been correlated with loading patterns (Norrdin et al 1999;Martinelli et al 2002;Moger et al 2007). In this study we investigated regional variations in the osteochondral junction across the distal end of the third metacarpal bone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi‐modal multiphoton investigation of microstructure in the deep zone and calcified cartilage

Mansfield

Winlove

2012

Journal of Anatomy

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Multi-modal multiphoton microscopy was used to investigate tissue microstructure in the zone of calcified cartilage, focussing on the collagen fibre organisation at the tidemark and cement line. Thick, unstained and unfixed sagittal sections were prepared from the equine metacarpophalangeal joint. Second harmonic generation (SHG) provided contrast for collagen, two-photon fluorescence (TPF) for endogenous fluorophores, and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) allowed the cells to be visualised. The structure of radial and calcified cartilage was found to vary with location across the joint, with the palma regions showing a more ordered parallel arrangement of collagen fibres than the cortical ridge and dorsal regions. These patterns may be associated with regional variations in joint loading. In addition, the cell lacunae had a greater diameter in the dorsal region than in the palmar region. At the cement line some collagen fibres were observed crossing between the calcified cartilage and the subchondral bone. At the tidemark the fibres were parallel and continuous between the radial and calcified cartilage. Beneath early superficial lesions the structure of the tidemark and calcified cartilage was disrupted with discontinuities and gaps in the fibrillar organisation. Cartilage microstructure varies in the deep zones between regions of different loading. The variations in collagen structure observed may be significant to the local mechanical properties of the cartilage and therefore may be important to its mechanical interactions with the subchondral bone. The calcified cartilage is altered even below early superficial lesions and therefore is important in the understanding of the aetiology of osteoarthritis.

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Age‐related morphometry of equine calcified cartilage

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Age‐related morphometric changes of the tidemark in the ovine stifle

Age‐related morphometric changes of the tidemark in the ovine stifle

Biomechanical testing of the calcified metacarpal articular surface and its association with subchondral bone microstructure in Thoroughbred racehorses

A multi‐modal multiphoton investigation of microstructure in the deep zone and calcified cartilage

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