Biomechanical testing of the calcified metacarpal articular surface and its association with subchondral bone microstructure in Thoroughbred racehorses

Williamson, AJ; Sims, Natalie A.; Thomas, C. David L.; Lee, Peter Vee Sin; Stevenson, Mark; Whitton, R. C.

doi:10.1111/evj.12748

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…; Williamson et al. ). Removal of the articular cartilage with a scalpel blade may have resulted in removal of some calcified cartilage and hence removal of short oblique fractures in this location.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…; Williamson et al. ). Some of these cracks are filled with highly mineralised tissue and are observed on micro‐CT as high‐density lines at the articular surface and have been described in equine joints subjected to high loads (Laverty et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…; Williamson et al. ). These lines can be perpendicular or oblique to the articular surface and may or may not protrude into the hyaline cartilage.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Subchondral bone morphology in the metacarpus of racehorses in training changes with distance from the articular surface but not with age

et al. 2018

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The repetitive large loads generated during high-speed training and racing commonly cause subchondral bone injuries in the metacarpal condyles of racehorses. Adaptive bone modelling leads to focal sclerosis at the site of highest loading in the palmar aspect of the metacarpal condyles. Information on whether and how adaptive modelling of subchondral bone changes during the career of a racehorse is sparse. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe the changes in subchondral bone micromorphology in the area of highest loading in the palmar aspect of the metacarpal condyle in thoroughbred racehorses as a function of age and training. Bone morphology parameters derived from micro-CT images were evaluated using principal component analysis and mixed-effects linear regression models. The largest differences in micromorphology were observed in untrained horses between the age of 16 and 20 months. Age and duration of a training period had no influence on tissue mineral density, bone volume fraction or number and area of closed pores to a depth of 5.1 mm from the articular surface in 2- to 4-year-old racehorses in training. Horses with subchondral bone injuries had more pores in cross-section compared with horses without subchondral bone injuries. Differences in bone volume fraction were due to the volume of less mineralised bone. Tissue mineral density increased and bone volume fraction decreased with increasing distance from the articular surface up to 5.1 mm from the articular surface. Further research is required to elucidate the biomechanical and pathophysiological consequences of these gradients of micromorphological parameters in the subchondral bone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Subchondral bone morphology in the metacarpus of racehorses in training changes with distance from the articular surface but not with age

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“…Os níveis de hidroxilisina, um dos aminoácidos estruturais do colágeno, foram significativamente mais baixos dorsal que sagitalmente. Tem sido demonstrado que níveis elevados de hidroxilisina no colagénio tipo I estão associados com força biomecânica inferior no osso (YANG et al, 1993;KNOTT et al, 1995 A importância da qualidade do osso subcondral no reparo da cartilagem está sendo cada vez mais reconhecida e estudada (MAINIL-VARLET et al, 2003;HOEMANN et al, 2007HOEMANN et al, , 2011MINAS et al, 2009;WILLIAMSON et al, 2018 Em estudo realizado por Eckstein (1995), a avaliação das superfícies articulares pelo uso da tomografia computadorizada revelou que seis meses de exercício em esteira levaram à maior mineralização do osso subcondral dos côndilos do terceiro metacarpiano (ECKSTEIN et al, 1995). Resultados semelhantes foram obtidos por , que avaliaram cotovelos humanos, em que diferenças na carga aplicada levaram a mudanças na mineralização óssea (KAWCAK et al, 2000).…”

Section: 2cartilagem Articularunclassified

“…Para análises mais detalhadas, tem aumentado constantemente o uso da microtomografia computadorizada de alta resolução, para obtenção de imagens de osso trabecular e cortical em espécies animais e humanos (OLIVE et al, 2009;BOUXSEIN et al, 2010;WHITTON et al, 2010;TROPE et al, 2015;MACHADO et al, 2016;WILLIAMSON et al, 2018). O método de microtomografia computadorizada é capaz de diferenciar tecidos moles e mostra alto contraste entre as estruturas calcificadas (NEVES, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

>b<Estudo morfológico da cartilagem e osso subcondral dos côndilos e crista sagital do osso terceiro metacarpiano de equinos Puro-sangue-inglês através de análise de imagem>/b<

Marsiglia¹

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Certificamos que a proposta intitulada "Estudo morfológico da cartilagem e osso subcondral dos côndilos e crista sagital do osso terceiro metacarpiano de equinos Puro-sangue-inglês através de análise de imagem", protocolada sob o CEUA nº 9971210617, sob a responsabilidade de Luís Cláudio Lopes Correia da Silva e equipe; Marilia Ferrari Marsigliaque envolve a produção, manutenção e/ou utilização de animais pertencentes ao filo Chordata, subfilo Vertebrata (exceto o homem), para fins de pesquisa científica ou ensino-está de acordo com os preceitos da Lei 11.794 de 8 de outubro de 2008, com o Decreto 6.899 de 15 de julho de 2009, bem como com as normas editadas pelo Conselho Nacional de Controle da Experimentação Animal (CONCEA), e foi aprovada pela

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Morphological analysis of third metacarpus cartilage and subchondral bone in Thoroughbred racehorses: An ex vivo study

Marsiglia

Yamada

Agreste

et al. 2022

The Anatomical Record

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Racehorses are exposed to repetitive overload during training and competition, causing joint hyperextension, tissue fatigue, and ultimately skeletal failure. Some degree of bone changes, such as sclerosis, are expected in equine athletes, as adaptation to the biomechanical rigors of training and racing. Understanding the imaging characteristics of the equine joint surface and subchondral bone would allow earlier detection of injuries or adaptation, improving prognosis and training programs. This study sought to describe the joint surface structural patterns and the periarticular structures of the third metacarpal bone (MC3). Both forelimbs of eight horses engaged in daily training programs, aged 3-5 years, which were euthanized for reasons unrelated to the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints, were collected. Specimens were evaluated through macroscopic inspection, radiography, ultrasonography, and microscopic examinations, such as optical microscopy and microtomography. Analysis of the microtomography images showed that 50% of the samples had higher trabecular thickness in the lateral condyle. Comparison of each imaging examination revealed that ultrasound images were most closely related to the histological examination (p = .29) in terms of sensitivity, while macroscopic and radiographic examinations differed most between evaluators. Finally, the irregularities and modifications observed in the articular cartilage surface and subchondral bone were normal adaptations of the anatomical structures of trained racehorses, which should be considered during clinical examination.

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Biomechanical testing of the calcified metacarpal articular surface and its association with subchondral bone microstructure in Thoroughbred racehorses

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

Subchondral bone morphology in the metacarpus of racehorses in training changes with distance from the articular surface but not with age

Subchondral bone morphology in the metacarpus of racehorses in training changes with distance from the articular surface but not with age

>b<Estudo morfológico da cartilagem e osso subcondral dos côndilos e crista sagital do osso terceiro metacarpiano de equinos Puro-sangue-inglês através de análise de imagem>/b<

Morphological analysis of third metacarpus cartilage and subchondral bone in Thoroughbred racehorses: An ex vivo study

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