Age-related memory impairment associated with loss of parietal deactivation but preserved hippocampal activation

Miller, Saul L.; Celone, Kim; DePeau, Kristina M.; Diamond, Eli L.; Dickerson, Bradford C.; Rentz, Dorene M.; Pihlajamäki, Maija; Sperling, Reisa A.

doi:10.1073/pnas.0706818105

Cited by 336 publications

(393 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…Several studies have found that the reduction of DN activity during externally-driven cognitive tasks is less pronounced in older adults, relative to younger adults (Andrews-Hanna et al, 2007;Damoiseaux et al, 2008;Duzel, Schutze, Yonelinas, & Heinze, 2011;Esposito et al, 2008;Grady et al, 2010;Grady, Springer, Hongwanishkul, McIntosh, & Winocur, 2006;Lustig et al, 2003;Miller et al, 2008;Persson, Lustig, Nelson, & Reuter-Lorenz, 2007). Intrinsic functional connectivity within the DN during periods of rest also is reduced in older relative to younger adults (Andrews-Hanna, et al, 2007;Hedden et al, 2009;Park, Polk, Hebrank, & Jenkins, 2010), and age reductions during memory tasks also have been noted (Sambataro et al, 2010;Wang, Li, Metzak, He, & Woodward, 2010).…”

Section: The Default Network (Dn)mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Intrinsic functional connectivity within the DN during periods of rest also is reduced in older relative to younger adults (Andrews-Hanna, et al, 2007;Hedden et al, 2009;Park, Polk, Hebrank, & Jenkins, 2010), and age reductions during memory tasks also have been noted (Sambataro et al, 2010;Wang, Li, Metzak, He, & Woodward, 2010). These age differences in resting DN activity and connectivity have consequences for memory performance (Miller, et al, 2008;, and performance on tests of executive function and processing speed in older adults (Andrews-Hanna, et al, 2007;Damoiseaux, et al, 2008;Persson, et al, 2007). These studies all suggest that activity and functional connectivity of the DN are disrupted in older adults and that this may have negative consequences for their cognitive function, although the role of the DN as a whole in social cognition of older adults has not been examined.…”

Section: The Default Network (Dn)mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Age differences in default and reward networks during processing of personally relevant information

Grady

Grigg

2012

Neuropsychologia

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We recently found activity in default mode and reward-related regions during self-relevant tasks in young adults. Here we examine the effect of aging on engagement of the default network (DN) and reward network (RN) during these tasks. Previous studies have shown reduced engagement of the DN and reward areas in older adults, but the influence of age on these circuits during selfrelevant tasks has not been examined. The tasks involved judging personality traits about one's self or a well known other person. There were no age differences in reaction time on the tasks but older adults had more positive Self and Other judgments, whereas younger adults had more negative judgments. Both groups had increased DN and RN activity during the self-relevant tasks, relative to non-self tasks, but this increase was reduced in older compared to young adults. Functional connectivity of both networks during the tasks was weaker in the older relative to younger adults. Intrinsic functional connectivity, measured at rest, also was weaker in the older adults in the DN, but not in the RN. These results suggest that, in younger adults, the processing of personally relevant information involves robust activation of and functional connectivity within these two networks, in line with current models that emphasize strong links between the self and reward. The finding that older adults had more positive judgments, but weaker engagement and less consistent functional connectivity in these networks, suggests potential brain mechanisms for the "positivity bias" with aging.

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Section: The Default Network (Dn)mentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: The Default Network (Dn)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Age differences in default and reward networks during processing of personally relevant information

Grady

Grigg

2012

Neuropsychologia

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“…In young adults, DN regions maintain strong functional interconnections during tasks requiring self-reference or theory of mind 101,102 , and also during the resting state 103,104 . Several studies have found that the reduction of DN activity during externally-driven cognitive tasks is less pronounced in old adults, relative to young adults 58,[105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112] . Functional connectivity of the DN also is reduced with age during working memory tasks 113 and during periods of rest 105,[114][115][116] .…”

Section: Box 1 Measuring Activity In Brain Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cognitive neuroscience of ageing

2012

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PrefaceThe availability of neuroimaging technology has spurred a marked increase in the human cognitive neuroscience literature, including the study of cognitive aging. Although there is a growing consensus that the aging brain retains considerable plasticity of function, currently measured primarily by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging, it is less clear how age differences in brain activity relate to cognitive performance. The field also is hampered by the complexity of the aging process itself and the large number of factors that are influenced by age. In this review, current trends and unresolved issues in the cognitive neuroscience of aging are discussed.

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“…In an e-mail to ARF, Sperling explained that the facename task in the current paper was not as difficult as the one her laboratory had used previously [46]. Her group speculates that cognitive reserve may also explain why subjects performed well despite having large amounts of brain amyloid.…”

Section: Bold New Look -Aβ Linked To Default Network Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…What's more, two brain areas most prone to Aβ deposition -the medial prefrontal cortex and precuneus/posterior cingulateare both part of the default network [45]. And last year, Sperling and colleagues showed that the extent to which the brain areas of the default network tone down, or deactivate, during memory formation determines a person's ability to recall that learned information later [46]. In that study, the researchers measured blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI changes in young and old adults while they learned face-name pairs and while they recalled them a half hour later.…”

Section: Bold New Look -Aβ Linked To Default Network Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alzheimer Research Series on the Default Network

McCaffrey

Fagan

Landhuis

2010

JAD

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CORTICAL CONNECTIONS GET CLOSER LOOK IN HEALTH, DISEASEThe idea of the default mode network, an interconnected set of brain regions that are active when the brain is resting and that power down during focused mental tasks, was first proposed in 2001, but it quickly became a hot topic in cognitive neuroscience and for Alzheimer's disease (AD) researchers. The seesaw activation and deactivation of the default network and task-related brain regions appears critical for peak performance on memory tasks and deactivation and network connectivity are disrupted early in AD, perhaps as a result of amyloid deposition [1].AD is not the only disease where network activity suffers. A new study in PNAS reveals that function of the default network, as measured by fMRI, is also altered in people with schizophrenia, and their healthy first-degree relatives [2]. The changes are somewhat different from those seen in AD -network connectivity is strengthened, for one, and overall network activity is increased both at rest and during task. The study, from Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli at MIT, suggests that changes in default mode activity and alterations in the normal balance between activation and deactivation contribute to the symptoms of schizophrenia, and could be part of the genetic risk for the disease.To look at the default network in people with schizophrenia, the researchers performed fMRI scans on subjects while they were idle, and then when they engaged in a simple memory test. That allowed assessment of the basal network activity, and the extent of deactivation that occurred during a task that required concentration. The study compared 13 volunteers with early phase schizophrenia, 13 unaffected first-degree relatives and 13 healthy controls. When subjects performed the test, suppression of the default mode network was most effective in controls, and decreased in both patients and relatives. Overall, the deactivation in the default network and activation of task-related areas were strongly correlated in control subjects, but the seesaw effect was much weaker in patients and relatives. The result was a consistent hyperactivity of the default network. In addition, the patients and relatives showed stronger connectively between the medial prefrontal cortex and the precuneous and the rest of the default network, whether measured at rest or during a task.The strength of connectivity and defect in deactivation correlated with poorer performance in the working memory task and stronger schizophrenia symptoms, suggesting that the default mode network could play an important role in the cognitive and clinical symptoms of schizophrenia. In addition, the observation that unaffected relatives show similar changes suggests that aberrant network activity stems from genetic risk and is causal, rather than just a consequence of the disease, Whitfield-Gabrieli told ARF. "In the future, it may be possible to use these fMRI measures as a way of diagnosing disease, or to figure out how patients are responding to treatment," she said.In terms of the...

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Age-related memory impairment associated with loss of parietal deactivation but preserved hippocampal activation

Cited by 336 publications

References 48 publications

Age differences in default and reward networks during processing of personally relevant information

Age differences in default and reward networks during processing of personally relevant information

The cognitive neuroscience of ageing

Alzheimer Research Series on the Default Network

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