Age related histomorphometric changes in bone in normal British men and women.

Rehman, M. T A; Hoyland, JA; Denton, J.; Freemont, A J

doi:10.1136/jcp.47.6.529

Cited by 112 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These results suggest that the miniature pig has gender difference in trabecular bone that are not recognized in humans during adolescence. In contrast, previous studies have suggested that cortical thickness decreases in both men and women with age [36]. Vesterby et al reported that Ct.Wi supports a more significant portion of the compressive spinal load and that elderly women become more dependent on Ct.Wi for the maintenance of vertebral body strength [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Age-Related Changes of Bone Mineral Density and Microarchitecture in Miniature Pigs

Inui

Itamoto

Takuma³

et al. 2004

J. Vet. Med. Sci.

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ABSTRACT. Bone mineral density (BMD), distribution of its density and bone histomorphometric parameters were evaluated in lumbar vertebra of normally growing miniature pigs. The fourth lumbar vertebra (L4) of the Göttingen miniature pig were used in this cross-sectional study in vitro. The BMD of the miniature pig was similar to that of humans in tendency of gender differences and some growth patterns during puberty. In these regards this animal appears useful as a model for human bone study. However, the trabecular and cortical BMDs of lumbar spine were extremely high value (399.43 ± 26.36 mg/cm 3 in female trabeculae; 973.06 ± 69.55 mg/cm 3 in female cortical bone; 419.04 ± 34.84 mg/cm 3 in male trabeculae; 1038.81 ± 125.72 mg/cm 3 in male cortical bone in pigs 30 months or more). Furthermore, histomorphometric analysis yielded values that were remarkably different from those found in humans. From these results, it was revealed that miniature pig had a higher bone mass and denser trabecular network than human, indicating that its bone is probably stronger. Therefore, care should be taken in choosing the miniature pig as a bone study model. KEY WORDS: bone mineral density, histomorphometric analyses, lumbar spine, miniature pig.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 66(6): 599-609, 2004 Metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis are becoming more important because of an aging society in human medicine. These diseases increase the risk of fragility fracture as bone mineral levels decrease, and also reduces their quality of life. Previous studies have reported that bone strength and fracture risk are closely related to bone mineral density (BMD) [6,9,27]. In contrast, several studies have suggested that changes in bone architecture increase fracture risk [29,31,33,34,43]. Therefore, it is necessary to study the changes in both BMD and architecture for more sensitive investigation of the bone disease.Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) has been widely investigated and applied in recent years as a means of non-invasive quantification of BMD. It has been reported that QCT might be most sensitive to changes in bone density caused by rapid bone turnover, such as in menopausal immobilization or hyperthyroidism [9]. QCT can selectively measure both trabecular and cortical bone [9,13,22,38], and the BMD is expressed in milligrams per cubic centimeter (volumetric density) [9]. Ebbesen et al. showed highly correlation between BMD by QCT and compressive strength in the lumbar vertebrae [9].Several studies have reported that bone disorders such as osteoporosis lead to trabecular and cortical bone alterations in humans. These alterations are characterized not only by a reduction of bone mass but also by structural changes in microarchitecture which is measured by histomorphometry of bone [29,31,33]. Therefore, it has been considered that histomorphometric analysis have an important role as contributor to bone strength, in addition to BMD.Recently, miniature pig has been noticed as for experimental animal of bone study. The pig is an excel...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Age-Related Changes of Bone Mineral Density and Microarchitecture in Miniature Pigs

Inui

Itamoto

Takuma³

et al. 2004

J. Vet. Med. Sci.

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“…With increasing age, bones become weaker as a consequence of a reduced amount of bone tissue [1], increasing the risk of fracture. This is secondary to a relative decline in trophic factors (eg oestrogen, IGF-1, vitamin D) favouring local expression of molecules (eg interleukins, TNFα) that decrease osteoblast, and increase osteoclast, activity, and diminished differentiation potential of bone marrow stem cells [2].…”

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confidence: 99%

Morphology, mechanisms and pathology of musculoskeletal ageing

Freemont

Hoyland

2007

The Journal of Pathology

107

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In general terms, the recognized alterations in circulating humoral factors (hormones, cytokines, growth factors) that occur in ageing, coupled with innate cellular senescence exaggerated by the slow turnover of many connective tissue cell populations and the ageassociated alterations in matrix molecule cross-linking, predispose the elderly to altered connective tissue biology. These changes can be profound, leading to poor mobility, altered ability to withstand cold, weakness and an increased risk of falls, fractures and age-associated 'degenerative' diseases, such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. As understanding of the causes of altered connective tissue function with age increases, it is becoming clearer that many of the predisposing factors (growth hormone, cytokines, load/life style) are potential targets for improving quality of life in the elderly.

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“…In this figure, it can be seen that the wavelength of the fast wave at 0.5 MHz is larger than the pore diameter from 0% to 97% porosity, and that the wavelength of the slow wave is larger than the pore diameter from 0% to 90% porosity, when the 1.6 MHz frequency is used. The pore diameter vs porosity relationship was previously introduced (Cowin and Cardoso, 2011) based on histomorphometrical studies on cancellous bone that have reported pore sizes (trabecular spacing) ranging from 300 to 2200 lm for samples between 52% and 96% porosity (Parfitt et al, 1983;Rehman et al, 1994;Hildebrand et al, 1999;FIG. 6.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabric dependence of quasi-waves in anisotropic porous media

Cardoso

Cowin

2011

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Assessment of bone loss and osteoporosis by ultrasound systems is based on the speed of sound and broadband ultrasound attenuation of a single wave. However, the existence of a second wave in cancellous bone has been reported and its existence is an unequivocal signature of poroelastic media. To account for the fact that ultrasound is sensitive to microarchitecture as well as bone mineral density (BMD), a fabric-dependent anisotropic poroelastic wave propagation theory was recently developed for pure wave modes propagating along a plane of symmetry in an anisotropic medium. Key to this development was the inclusion of the fabric tensor-a quantitative stereological measure of the degree of structural anisotropy of bone-into the linear poroelasticity theory. In the present study, this framework is extended to the propagation of mixed wave modes along an arbitrary direction in anisotropic porous media called quasi-waves. It was found that differences between phase and group velocities are due to the anisotropy of the bone microarchitecture, and that the experimental wave velocities are more accurately predicted by the poroelastic model when the fabric tensor variable is taken into account. This poroelastic wave propagation theory represents an alternative for bone quality assessment beyond BMD.

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Age related histomorphometric changes in bone in normal British men and women.

Cited by 112 publications

References 30 publications

Age-Related Changes of Bone Mineral Density and Microarchitecture in Miniature Pigs

Age-Related Changes of Bone Mineral Density and Microarchitecture in Miniature Pigs

Morphology, mechanisms and pathology of musculoskeletal ageing

Fabric dependence of quasi-waves in anisotropic porous media

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