Age-Related Differences in the Impact of Prior Knowledge on Recognition Performance: A Face Recognition Study

Tinard, Sophie; Guillaume, Fabrice

doi:10.1080/0361073x.2019.1586108

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Interestingly, we did not detect overall age effects. Thus, the current study further supports the notion that recognition performance in aging is only impaired under certain conditions (Fraundorf et al, 2019 ) and differs for the visual and verbal domain (Umanath and Marsh, 2014 ; Tinard and Guillaume, 2019 ). Finally, these results are of particular importance, as source confusion and semantic involvement were substantially reduced by applying pre-experimentally unfamiliar items.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…We used pre-experimentally unfamiliar visual and verbal items. This is particularly relevant because prior knowledge, in some situations, can aid the performance of the older adults in recognition memory tests (Umanath and Marsh, 2014 ; Tinard and Guillaume, 2019 ), while in other cases, it can hinder their memory performance. For example, Foos and Sarno ( 1998 ) showed that when contrasted with young participants, the older adults exhibited an encoding deficit when easily retrievable pre-experimentally familiar information had to be learned and later recognized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age Effects on Old/New Recognition Memory Involving Abstract Figures and Non-words

Toth

Sambeth

Blokland

2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Age-related memory problems posit a growing concern in our society. This study investigated the impact of age and memory strength on recognition memory of pre-experimentally unfamiliar abstract figures and non-words. We applied a three-phase old/new recognition memory paradigm and manipulated memory strength as a function of the Levels of Processing (deep vs. shallow) and repetition. Older adults relative to the young showed impairment in the correct identification of new items. As indicated by the lower discriminability indexes, the older adults also had difficulties discriminating the strongly (drawn/semantically processed) and the weakly (studied) embedded abstract figures but not the non-words. Age-related differences in reaction times were only evident with the abstract figures. Finally, our results revealed that the recognition performance was equally affected by memory strength in both age groups. The current findings agree with previous research on age-related impairment in new item recognition, which can be attributed to misrecollection and decreased sensitivity to novelty in the older adults than the young. The detected age effects on the discriminability of the drawn and studied abstract figures agree with the age-related impairment in the perceptual encoding hypothesis and support the notion related to the need for environmental support to reduce age effects. The lack of age effects with the non-words indicates that age effects on discriminability are stimulus-dependent. The current results support the notion that recognition memory in aging is only impaired under certain conditions and depends on the stimuli used.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age Effects on Old/New Recognition Memory Involving Abstract Figures and Non-words

Toth

Sambeth

Blokland

2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…7,8 Indeed, the human face's unique salience reflects its predictive power concerning others´intentions and thus their potential consequences in social terms. 8 Therefore, facial processing is a key aspect of interpersonal communication and a modulator of social behavior. 3 Facial expressions are a combination of action units characterizing different emotions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Several studies have shown that familiar and meaningful material can enhance the recognition performance of older adults). [8][9][10] Tinard et al 8 explored the impact of familiar material on age-related recognition of memory decline. Older adults in their study only showed lower recognition accuracy and false alarm rate in the unfamiliar face recognition task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Expression Recognition of Emotional Situations in Mild and Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease

Brandt

Silva

Neto

et al. 2023

J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol

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Background: Recognizing emotional situations may be impaired in people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Purpose: We examined differences in the comprehension of an emotional situation in healthy older controls (HOC) and individuals with mild and moderate AD. Research Design: cross-sectional study. Study Sample: We assessed a convenience sample of 115 participants in 3 contexts: understanding the situation, ability to name the congruent emotion, and choice of the correct face in 4 emotional situations (sadness, surprise, anger, happiness). Data Colection: Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for comparison between groups separated by CDR 1 and 2. Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were also used for comparison between groups separated by CDR 0, 1, and 2, with a pairwise comparisons analysis. Results: We found that the ability to understand, name, and choose the proper emotion is not linked and depends on the portrayed emotion. Conclusions: The findings suggest an interaction between emotional processing and cognitive functioning. Therefore, knowledge of an emotional condition and the connection to a specific facial choice most likely involve 2 degraded areas of knowledge, resulting in even higher odds of inaccuracy.

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“…Hence, the question remains open whether age-related memory declines are specific to the recollection of contextual details or also affect the recollection of targetspecific information. Moreover, the impact of aging on the nature of the information retrieved via recollection or familiarity processes remains unclear (Guillaume et al, 2015;Tinard & Guillaume, 2019). The major contributions of the FTT's verbatim-gist distinction are firstly, to characterize the nature of the traces retrieved, as a continuum between literal and meaningbased traces, and secondly, to distinguish between the retrieval of target-specific information and of contextual details, which are conflated in the conventional definition of recollection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Verbatim and gist memory in aging.

Abadie¹,

Gavard²,

Guillaume³

2021

Psychology and Aging

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Age-Related Differences in the Impact of Prior Knowledge on Recognition Performance: A Face Recognition Study

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Age Effects on Old/New Recognition Memory Involving Abstract Figures and Non-words

Age Effects on Old/New Recognition Memory Involving Abstract Figures and Non-words

Facial Expression Recognition of Emotional Situations in Mild and Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease

Verbatim and gist memory in aging.

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