Verbatim and gist memory in aging.

Abadie, Marlène; Gavard, Elisa; Guillaume, Fabrice

doi:10.1037/pag0000635

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…On standardized psychological assessments, older adults attain lower scores on tests of recollection and relational/associative memory, while familiarity-based item recognition is largely unaffected by age. [67][68][69][70][71]129 Declining performance on tests of associative/relational memory indicates posterior, as opposed to anterior, MTL dysfunction in older adults. 6,7,130 Consistent with the evidence from cognitive work, Panitz et al 131 reported reduced intra-HP connectivity in older participants, but only in the middle-posterior HP segments.…”

Section: Intra-mtl Functional Connectivity Changes In Normal Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In normal aging, we expected to see a generalized loss of network integrity, consistent with previous observations in other systems, [60][61][62][63][64][65][66] but perhaps more prominently in the PM network given more robust declines in cognitive function ascribed to this network in prior studies of cognitive aging. 6,7,[67][68][69][70][71]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Have Dissociable Effects on Medial Temporal Lobe Connectivity

Hrybouski

Das

Xie

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Functional disruption of the medial temporal lobe-dependent networks is thought to underlie episodic memory deficits in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Previous studies revealed that the anterior medial temporal lobe is more vulnerable to pathological and neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer’s disease. In contrast, cognitive and structural imaging literature indicates posterior, as opposed to anterior, medial temporal lobe vulnerability in normal aging. However, the extent to which Alzheimer’s and aging-related pathological processes relate to functional disruption of the medial temporal lobe-dependent brain networks is poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we examined functional connectivity alterations in the medial temporal lobe and its immediate functional neighborhood – the Anterior-Temporal and Posterior-Medial brain networks – in normal agers, individuals with preclinical Alzheimer’s disease, and patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment or mild dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease. In the Anterior-Temporal network and in the perirhinal cortex, in particular, we observed an inverted ‘U-shaped’ relationship between functional connectivity and Alzheimer’s stage. According to our results, the preclinical phase of Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by increased functional connectivity between the perirhinal cortex and other regions of the medial temporal lobe, as well as between the anterior medial temporal lobe and its one-hop neighbors in the Anterior-Temporal system. This effect is no longer present in symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease. Instead, patients with symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease displayed reduced hippocampal connectivity within the medial temporal lobe as well as hypoconnectivity within the Posterior-Medial system. For normal aging, our results led to three main conclusions: (1) intra-network connectivity of both the Anterior-Temporal and Posterior-Medial networks declines with age; (2) the anterior and posterior segments of the medial temporal lobe become increasingly decoupled from each other with advancing age; and, (3) the posterior subregions of the medial temporal lobe, especially the parahippocampal cortex, are more vulnerable to age-associated loss of function than their anterior counterparts. Together, the current results highlight evolving medial temporal lobe dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease and indicate different neurobiological mechanisms of the medial temporal lobe network disruption in aging vs. Alzheimer’s disease.

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Section: Intra-mtl Functional Connectivity Changes In Normal Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Have Dissociable Effects on Medial Temporal Lobe Connectivity

Hrybouski

Das

Xie

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Episodic memory, or memory for events that occurred in a specific time and place (Tulving, 1983), is susceptible to normal age-related deficits (e.g., Naveh-Benjamin & Old, 2008; Zacks et al, 2000) and representational degradation (Abadie et al, 2021; Castel et al, 2007; Greene et al, 2022; Greene & Naveh-Benjamin, 2020; Kensinger & Schacter, 1999; Koutstaal, 2003; Koutstaal et al, 1999; Koutstaal & Schacter, 1997; Luo & Craik, 2009; Radvansky & Dijkstra, 2007; Reder et al, 1986; Schacter et al, 1997; Simons et al, 2004; Stark et al, 2013; Tun et al, 1998). Older adults are less likely to remember specific details in episodic memory but tend to remember less detailed information, including the gist or meaning of an episode (for reviews, see Brainerd & Reyna, 2015; Devitt & Schacter, 2016).…”

Section: On the Relationship Between Working And Long-term Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult age differences in specific and gist associative episodic memory across short- and long-term retention intervals.

Greene¹,

Naveh–Benjamin²

2022

Psychology and Aging

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Age-related deficits in associative episodic memory have been widely reported, but recent research suggests that some of these deficits occur for highly specific but not gist representations. It remains undetermined whether older adults' deficits in specific associative episodic memory, observed in long-term memory, are also present in short-term memory. We used a continuous associative recognition task to address this question. Fifty young and 50 older adults studied face-scene pairs, with memory tests occurring in both short-term and long-term memory. Memory tests featured intact (old) pairs, related (similar) pairs, and unrelated (dissimilar) pairs. On short-term memory tests, older adults were less accurate in classifying related pairs, which was manifest by age-related reductions in the probability of retrieving specific memory to engage in recollection rejection. However, older adults were capable of remembering specific details in short-term memory for intact probes but were less likely to remember specific details in long-term memory. Finally, older adults were always as capable as younger adults of remembering gist details. Results suggest that older adults do at least partially encode specific representations in short-term memory, and their access to these specific representations is cue dependent-they can do so when there is a large correspondence between encoding and retrieval conditions but are less likely to engage in deeper elaboration at retrieval. This limits their ability to remember specific details of associations to suppress false recognitions in short-term memory and to engage in veridical recognition in long-term memory. Public Significance StatementAdult aging is associated with a loss of memory for specific details of past experiences, yet little is known about how quickly older adults forget specific representations in episodic memory. The present study shows that older adults exhibit some losses in the ability to remember specific details of past episodes almost immediately after encountering those episodes. At the same time, given the right retrieval cues in short-term memory, older adults can successfully remember some specific details of a recently encoded episode as well as younger adults. Moreover, older adults can successfully remember past episodes at gist levels of representation in both short-and long-term memory.

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“…We propose that when deciding how harshly to condemn a falsehood, people also consider the truthfulness of its gist-the broader meaning that the statement communicates (Abadie et al, 2013(Abadie et al, , 2017(Abadie et al, , 2021Brainerd & Reyna, 1990;Fukukura et al, 2013;Reyna & Brainerd, 1991;Stahl & Klauer, 2008). We adopt the term gist from cognitive psychology, where it is used to describe the "essence of information" or "fundamental meaning" in a statement (Reyna, 2020).…”

Section: People Judge a Falsehood's Morality Based On The Truthfulnes...mentioning

confidence: 99%

It might become true: How prefactual thinking licenses dishonesty.

Helgason¹,

Effron²

2022

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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In our "post-truth" era, misinformation spreads not only because people believe falsehoods, but also because people sometimes give dishonesty a moral pass. The present research examines how the moral judgments that people form about dishonesty depend not only on what they know to be true, but also on what they imagine might become true. In six studies (N = 3,607), people judged a falsehood as less unethical to tell in the present when we randomly assigned them to entertain prefactual thoughts about how it might become true in the future. This effect emerged with participants from 59 nations judging falsehoods about consumer products, professional skills, and controversial political issues-and the effect was particularly pronounced when participants were inclined to accept that the falsehood might become true. Moreover, thinking prefactually about how a falsehood might become true made people more inclined to share the falsehood on social media. We theorized that, even when people recognize a falsehood as factually incorrect, these prefactual thoughts reduce how unethical the falsehood seems by making the broader meaning that the statement communicates, its gist, seem truer. Mediational evidence was consistent with this theorizing. We argue that prefactual thinking offers people a degree of freedom they can use to excuse lies, and we discuss implications for theories of mental simulation and moral judgment.

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Verbatim and gist memory in aging.

Cited by 21 publications

References 57 publications

Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Have Dissociable Effects on Medial Temporal Lobe Connectivity

Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Have Dissociable Effects on Medial Temporal Lobe Connectivity

Adult age differences in specific and gist associative episodic memory across short- and long-term retention intervals.

It might become true: How prefactual thinking licenses dishonesty.

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