Age-related difference in the rate of coronavirus disease 2019 mortality in women versus men

Cagnacci, Angelo; Xholli, Anjeza

doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2020.05.039

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…As reported by others, age is one of the strongest predictors of mortality ( Cagnacci and Xholli, 2020 ; Immovilli et al, 2020 ). Patients who died were on average older (68 years) than those with mild cases (37 years).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

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Is Colombia an example of successful containment of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic? A critical analysis of the epidemiological data, March to July 2020

Hoz-Restrepo¹,

Alvis-Zakzuk²,

Gomez³

et al. 2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background: Colombia detected its first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case on March 2, 2020. From March 22 to April 25, it implemented a national lockdown that, apparently, allowed the country to keep a low incidence and mortality rate up to mid-May. Forced by the economic losses, the government then opened many commercial activities, which was followed by an increase in cases and deaths. This paper presents a critical analysis of the Colombian surveillance data in order to identify strengths and pitfalls of the control measures. Methods: A descriptive analysis of PCR-confirmed cases between March and July 25 was performed. Data were described according to the level of measurement. Incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 were estimated by age, sex, and geographical area. Sampling rates for suspected cases were estimated by geographical area, and the potential for case underestimation was assessed using sampling differences. Results: By July 25, Colombia (population 50 372 424) had reported 240 745 cases and 8269 deaths (case fatality rate of 3.4%). A total of 1 370 271 samples had been analyzed (27 405 samples per million people), with a positivity rate of 17%. Sampling rates per million varied by region from 2664 to 158 681 per million, and consequently the incidence and mortality rates also varied. Due to geographical variations in surveillance capacity, Colombia may have overlooked up to 82% of the actual cases. Conclusion: Colombia has a lower case and mortality incidence compared to other South American countries. This may be an effect of the lockdown, but may also be attributed, to some extent, to geographical differences in surveillance capacity. Indigenous populations with little health infrastructure have been hit the hardest.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Public health officials must wait up to 15 days to confirm cases, which hampers their ability to detect and track contacts. As reported by others, age is one of the strongest predictors of mortality (Cagnacci and Xholli, 2020;Immovilli et al, 2020). Patients who died were on average older (68 years) than those with mild cases (37 years).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Is Colombia an example of successful containment of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic? A critical analysis of the epidemiological data, March to July 2020

Hoz-Restrepo¹,

Alvis-Zakzuk²,

Gomez³

et al. 2020

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…ACE2 is coded by the X chromosome, of which men have only one, and ACE2 expression in endothelial cells is stimulated by estrogens [2]. The possibility that this mechanisms accounts for the lower mortality of women vs. men (Yi et al) is sustained by the recent evidence that reduced mortality (−72 %) of fertile women vs. men is lost, at least in part, in the postmenopausal years (−49.6 %) [3].…”

Section: Difference Between Sexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5) Perimenopausal women requiring hormonal contraception are usually in their late forties and postmenopausal women start their hormone therapy for symptoms before 60 years of age. In these years, mortality from COVID-19 is below 1 % [3], and there is no report that it is higher in women on hormones.…”

Section: Hormone Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflections and recommendations on the COVID-19 pandemic: Should hormone therapy be discontinued?

Cagnacci¹,

Bonaccorsi²,

Gambacciani³

et al. 2020

Maturitas

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Reflections and recommendations on the COVID-19 pandemic: Should hormone therapy be discontinued? Since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, the extent of serious complications and high rate of mortality has concerned all the health authorities worldwide. Death by COVID-19 is mainly due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), although heart and multiple organ failure may contribute [1]. Underlying mechanisms are COVID-19-induced endothelial alteration, cytokine storm, inflammation, exudation in the lungs, and vessel occlusion.

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“…The reproduction rate of COVID‐19 is very high, and the extent of the infection soon spread around the world. It has shown equal numbers of cases between men and women, but a lower mortality rate in women 3,4 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of COVID‐19 lockdown on admission to gynecological emergency departments: Results from a multicenter Italian study

Grandi

Savio

Caroli

et al. 2020

Intl J Gynecology & Obste

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Objective To evaluate the impact of the COVID‐19 lockdown on admissions to gynecological emergency departments (ED) of three Italian university hospitals with different rates of COVID‐19 incidence. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in the gynecological EDs of Modena (Emilia‐Romagna), Sassari and Cagliari (Sardinia) regarding all admissions to gynecological EDs during November 1 to 30, 2019, and March 11 to April 9, 2020 (lockdown period). Results A total of 691 women (mean age 38.3 ± 14.3 years) who were admitted to the gynecological EDs were included. The relative decrease in women evaluated from March 11 to April 9, 2020, was −56.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 52.2–61.1). Time spent in the ED was also significantly shorter during this period (P=0.02) in comparison to November 1 to 30, 2019. The most evident decrease was observed for pelvic pain (−68.9% [95% CI 60.3–76.7]; −91 cases). The management of women suggests a more effective use of the ED, with higher rates of hospitalization (P=0.001) and recourse to emergent surgeries (P=0.005) and lower rates of discharge to home (P=0.03). Conclusion The COVID‐19 lockdown greatly reduced the rate of admission to gynecological EDs, but the real emergencies were filtered from the more deferrable ones.

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Age-related difference in the rate of coronavirus disease 2019 mortality in women versus men

Cited by 32 publications

References 3 publications

Is Colombia an example of successful containment of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic? A critical analysis of the epidemiological data, March to July 2020

Is Colombia an example of successful containment of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic? A critical analysis of the epidemiological data, March to July 2020

Reflections and recommendations on the COVID-19 pandemic: Should hormone therapy be discontinued?

The impact of COVID‐19 lockdown on admission to gynecological emergency departments: Results from a multicenter Italian study

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