Age-Related Bone Changes

Delling, G.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-65684-2_4

Cited by 45 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Fortunately, considerable insight into three-dimensional structure is possible by making better use of the two-dimensional information available in thin sections and by applying the principles of stereology (13)(14)(15), which require only that perimeter and area measurements in a section are made on the same structures at the same magnification, and that the measurement device is calibrated. Using this approach, we confirmed and extended earlier reports that, in the normal bone loss of aging, entire structural elements are removed, with increased separation between, but little change in the thickness of, those remaining (13,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), and we show for the first time that these structural characteristics are more evident in patients with osteoporosis and fractures, a fact with important implications for the cellular mechanism involved.…”

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confidence: 88%

Relationships between surface, volume, and thickness of iliac trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis. Implications for the microanatomic and cellular mechanisms of bone loss.

et al. 1983

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A B S T R A C T We devised a new method for examining the structural changes that occur in trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis. With simultaneous measurement of total perimeter and bone area in thin sections, indirect indices of mean trabecular plate thickness (MTPT) and mean trabecular plate density (MTPD) can be derived, such that trabecular bone volume = MTPD X MTPT. MTPD is an index of the probability that a scanning or test line will intersect a structural element of bone, and is the reciprocal of the mean distance between the midpoints of structural elements, multiplied by 7r/2. We applied this method to iliac bone samples from 78 normal subjects, 100 patients with vertebral fracture, and 50 patients with hip fracture. The reduction in trabecular bone volume observed in normal subjects with increasing age was mainly due to a reduction in plate density, with no significant decrease in plate thickness. The further reduction in trabecular bone volume observed in patients with osteoporotic vertebral fracture was mainly due to a further reduction in plate density. There was a relatively smaller reduction in plate thickness that was statistically significant in males but not in females. Only in patients with hip fracture did trabecular thinning contribute substantially to the additional loss of trabecular bone in osteoporosis relative to age. These data indicate that age-related bone loss occurs principally by a process that removes entire structural elements of bone; those that remain are more widely sep-

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confidence: 88%

Relationships between surface, volume, and thickness of iliac trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis. Implications for the microanatomic and cellular mechanisms of bone loss.

et al. 1983

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“…There are several qualitative reports of trabecular thickening in the ilium [55,56], but the frequency distribution of directly measured trabecular profile width does not change significantly with age, with less than 1% of measurements exceeding 500 #m at any age [8]. In summary, the visual evidence and the number of witnesses suggest that compensatory thickening of some residual vertical trabeculae in the spine is a real phenomenon, but there are no reliable data on its frequency or magnitude, and no information on the cellular mechanisms responsible.…”

Section: Compensatory Increase In Trabecular Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 98%

Age-related structural changes in trabecular and cortical bone: Cellular mechanisms and biomechanical consequences

1984

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It is proposed that there are two structurally different forms of bone loss with different rates, cellular mechanisms, and biomechanical effects. Rapid bone loss is the result of excessive depth of osteoclastic resorption cavities. This leads in trabecular bone to perforation of structural elements, increased size of marrow cavities, and discontinuity of the bone structure, and in cortical bone to subendosteal cavitation and conversion of the inner third of the cortex to a trabecularlike structure, which then undergoes the same changes as the trabecular bone originally present. These structural characteristics reduce the strength of the bones to a greater extent than the reduction in the amount of bone by itself would suggest. Slow bone loss results from incomplete refilling by osteoblasts of resorption cavities of normal or reduced size. This leads to simple thinning of residual structural elements in both trabecular and cortical bone, and reduces the strength of the bones in proportion to the reduction in the amount of bone. This concept, although derived mainly from an examination of postmenopausal bone loss, may be applicable to other osteopenic states. At the same time as bone loss is occurring on the endosteal surface, rapidly or slowly, bone is being added to the periosteal surface, but much more slowly than during growth. The cellular mechanism is the converse of that causing slow bone loss, consisting of slight overfilling of shallow resorption cavities. Slow periosteal gain serves to partly offset the structural weakness resulting from endosteal loss, but is not directly compensatory.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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“…Bone histomorphometry (Parfitt, 1985) has traditionally been performed on iliac crest specimens/biopsies, usually obtained as transcortical biopsies (Meunier et al, 1973;Delling, 1973;Melsen, 1975;Vedi et al, 1983;Parfitt et al, 1983;Birkenhager-Frenkel et al, 1988) or less often perpendicular to the iliac crest (Delling, 1973;Birkenhager-Frenkel et al, 1988). The transcortical procedure obtains a specimen which has cortices on both sides of the marrow space offering the opportunity to study both cancellous and cortical bone.…”

Section: Conventional Bone Histomorphometry On Iliac Crest Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Star volume in bone research. A histomorphometric analysis of trabecular bone structure using vertical sections

Vesterby¹

1993

Anat. Rec.

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Conventional bone histomorphometry performed on iliac crest biopsies does not generally provide unbiased stereological estimates of parameters related to bone structure due to the anisotropy of trabecular bone; this, however, can be obtained with vertical sections, which are anisotropic sections, in combination with an anisotropic test system. A practical procedure for obtaining vertical sections from bone is described. The new stereological parameter, the star volume, can provide an unbiased estimation of the absolute mean size of the marrow space and thus give an indirect estimate of the connectivity of trabecular bone structure. The marrow space star volume of vertebral bodies and iliac crest increases with age in both sexes demonstrating that the structural bone changes which occur with age is a topological one with changes in trabecular connectivity. The practical procedure including sampling efficiency for marrow space star volume is described.

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Age-Related Bone Changes

Cited by 45 publications

References 72 publications

Relationships between surface, volume, and thickness of iliac trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis. Implications for the microanatomic and cellular mechanisms of bone loss.

Relationships between surface, volume, and thickness of iliac trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis. Implications for the microanatomic and cellular mechanisms of bone loss.

Age-related structural changes in trabecular and cortical bone: Cellular mechanisms and biomechanical consequences

Star volume in bone research. A histomorphometric analysis of trabecular bone structure using vertical sections

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