Age progression and regression

A guided manual method for juvenile age progression using digital images

“…In order to understand and produce a more accurate depiction, images of siblings and parents at the same age of the progression are often required to help artists to maintain a reliable likeness with biological resemblance (Lampinen et al, 2015). But when these images are not available, a more general reference will be used, such as images of other children of the same age (Mullins, 2012).…”

“…The original images should be altered as little as possible to retain certain facial characteristics, by using reference material of other children, and only small portions should be used to avoid resemblance to the templates (Mullins, 2012). Manual age progression methods are subjective, not standardised and often practitioner-dependant (Charman and Carol, 2012;Koudelová et al, 2015;Lampinen et al, 2015).…”

“…the nose and ears) and soft tissue changes, such as the development of wrinkles and skin sagging. Therefore, age progression is often separated into juvenile and adult (Mullins, 2012). This study focuses on age progression for juvenile facial images.…”

“…Age progression is challenging for individuals younger than 3 years of age, as facial characteristics are underdeveloped (Mullins, 2012). Age progression is more accurate with images of older children and accuracy is also affected by the quality of the reference photographs (Mullins, 2012). Current research techniques include manual or machine-based digital image processing and drawings by artists (Mullins, 2012).…”

“…Age progression is more accurate with images of older children and accuracy is also affected by the quality of the reference photographs (Mullins, 2012). Current research techniques include manual or machine-based digital image processing and drawings by artists (Mullins, 2012). NCMEC in the USA updates an age-progression image every 2 years before adulthood, and every 5 years after age 18 years.…”