Age of majority assessment in Dutch individuals based on Cameriere’s third molar maturity index

Doğru, Hatice Boyacıoğlu; Gülşahı, Ayşe; Çehreli, Sevi Burçak; Galić, Ivan; Stelt, P F van der; Cameriere, Roberto

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.11.009

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Estimated post-test probability of both male (94.7%; 95% CI 93.1–96.3%) and female (96.2%; 95% CI 94.8–97.5%) demonstrated results compatible with other European studies 2 , 14 , 15 , 19 – 23 , 44 , 51 . It is important to refer that Zelic et al 20 and Kelmendi et al 21 reported results very close to 100% in females, and Gulsahi et al 19 reported results of 100% in both sexes, although the sample size was one of the smallest in all European studies (n = 293), which may influence these results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Validation of the Third Molar Maturation Index (I3M) to assess the legal adult age in the Portuguese population

Neves¹,

Antunes‐Ferreira

Machado³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Age estimation is a major step in forensic and legal procedures. Its relevance has been increasing due to growing society issues, such as identification of missing people, crimes against minors or lack of valid identification papers from locals or foreigners. Evaluation of the cut-off value of the Third Molar Maturation Index (I3M) = 0.08 for discriminating minors from adults in the Portuguese population. The left lower third molars were analysed by applying a specific cut-off value of 0.08 determined by Cameriere et al. in 2008. A sample of 778 digital panoramic radiographs of a representative Portuguese sample (442 females and 336 males), in the age range of 12–24 years (mean age 17.7 ± 2.98 years in females and 18.1 ± 3.0 years in males), was retrospectively evaluated. I3M decreased as the real age gradually increased in both sexes. The 0.08 cut-off score was valuable in discriminating adults from minors. According to the pooled results, the accuracy, by means of area under the curve, was 92.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 91.0–94.6%). The proportion of correctly classified subjects (sensitivity) was 90.7% (95% CI 88.7–92.8%) and the specificity was 94.9% (95% CI 93.3–96.4%). The results show that I3M is a valuable method to differentiate minors from adults in the Portuguese population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Validation of the Third Molar Maturation Index (I3M) to assess the legal adult age in the Portuguese population

Neves¹,

Antunes‐Ferreira

Machado³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…In terms of geographical distribution, for the European population, the lowest sensitivity value was 78.3% found in Holland, 19 while the highest was 91% reported in Serbia. 36 The minimum and maximum values of specificity were 92.1% in Poland 34 and 98.3% in Kossovo, 33 respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…A total of 22 research studies were identified and were included in the critical literature review. 2,12,16,19,21–38 In Table 1, the main findings of the 22 studies are summarised, including country, sample size (male and female), age range, sensitivity, specificity and data accuracy according to sex and 95% confidence interval.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…40 For individuals with no valid proof of birth date (also known as legal age), age estimation is therefore crucial, and it represents one of the main requests made by police and judicial authorities. 19 There is wide agreement in the literature that the most appropriate approach to legal age estimation of a living person must include the assessment of somatic and sexual maturity as well as of skeletal and dental maturity by radiographic examinations. 3–5,41,42 Dental growth and emergence have long been recognised as the most useful criteria, especially in adolescents and young adults, and several methods are available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the application of Cameriere’s I 3M is strongly dependent upon the presence of the third molars, which may be congenitally absent or surgically removed. 17,19 Unfortunately, if the root development of the third molar is complete, there is no possibility of measuring the open apices, and therefore the I3M is always <0.08 (adult). Therefore, the possibilities of using this method for assessing the age of majority are limited by the variable duration of the third molar’s development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Third molar maturity index and legal age in different ethnic populations: Accuracy of Cameriere’s method

et al. 2021

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Molar development is widely accepted as a reliable indicator of chronological age in a forensic context. A quantitative method for age estimation has been proposed by Cameriere et al. based on the relationship between chronological age and the third molar maturity index (I3M), which is the ratio between the two apical pulp widths and the total tooth length. Cameriere’s cut off value of 0.08 was found to be a reliable tool in assessing the threshold of 18 years of age. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the I3M in different ethnic populations focusing on its specificity (subjects correctly classified as <18 years based on I3M >0.08) and sensitivity (subjects correctly classified as ≥18 years based on I3M <0.08). A review of 22 scientific articles was performed, representing data from panoramic radiographs of 12,286 individuals (5723 males and 6563 females) from all over the world, including some ethnical subgroups. The I3M showed an overall sensitivity for both sexes ranging from 51.8% to 93.4% and a specificity ranging from 86.2% to 100%. The proportion of correctly classified individuals ranged from 74% to 95%. These results can be useful to refer the age estimation with the margin of error of subjects correctly classified as minors (specificity) or adults (sensitivity), according to sex, ethnicity and geographical distribution. The I3M can be considered a suitable method for estimating adulthood in forensic settings, regardless of sex. However, ethnic group can affect the accuracy.

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The third molar maturity index in indicating the legal adult age in Kosovar population

et al. 2017

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The third molar tooth, known as the "wisdom tooth," is the only tooth that can be used to determine legal adult age. This study aimed to test the accuracy of Cameriere's third molar maturity index (I) in assessing the legal adult age of 18 years in the Kosovar population. Orthopantomographs (OPTs) of 1221 healthy living Kosovar individuals, aged between 12 and 23 years and with no congenital or developmental anomalies, were analyzed. Intra-class correlation coefficients were 0.858 (95% CI, 0.786 to 0.906) and 0.852 (95% CI, 0.779 to 0.903) for intra-rater and for inter-rater agreement, respectively. The sample was divided into training dataset (800 OPTs) and test dataset (421 OPTs). The training dataset was used to generate the logistic regression model, while the test dataset was used to study the performance of the model. I and gender as independent variables and adult age (≥ 18 years) or minor age (< 18 years) as the dependent variable were used for logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to determine the specific cut-off value of I for predicting adult age. The results showed that only I statistically significantly contributed to discriminating adults and minors. ROC analysis showed that the cut-off value of I < 0.08 was the best in discriminating adults and minors. An analysis of the test dataset (421 OPTs) showed that as I decreased the age gradually increased. The performance of the cut-off value of I < 0.08, to discriminate between adults and minors, was analyzed by contingency tables for both sexes. In males, the accurate classification (Acc) was 0.968 (95% CI, 0.926 to 0.985), the sensitivity (Se) was 0.962 (95% CI, 0.925 to 0.978), and the specificity (Sp) was 0.976 (95% CI, 0.929 to 0.995). The Bayes post-test probability (Bayes PTP) was 0.975 (95% CI, 0.905 to 1.00). In females, Acc was 0.909 (95% CI, 0.870 to 0.917), Se and Sp were 0.826 (95% CI, 0.787 to 0.834) and 0.991 (95% CI, 0.953 to 1.00) respectively, while Bayes PTP was 0.989 (95% CI, 0.926 to 1.00). Our data support the usefulness of I < 0.08 to indicate legal adult age in a Kosovar population.

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Age of majority assessment in Dutch individuals based on Cameriere’s third molar maturity index

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Validation of the Third Molar Maturation Index (I3M) to assess the legal adult age in the Portuguese population

Validation of the Third Molar Maturation Index (I3M) to assess the legal adult age in the Portuguese population

Third molar maturity index and legal age in different ethnic populations: Accuracy of Cameriere’s method

The third molar maturity index in indicating the legal adult age in Kosovar population

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