Age estimation of fragmented human dental remains by secondary dentin virtual analysis

Nudel, Itay; Pokhojaev, Ariel; Hausman, Bryan S.; Bitterman, Yoli; Shpack, Nir; May, Hila; Sarig, Rachel

doi:10.1007/s00414-020-02366-1

Cited by 12 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Differentiation threshold values for SD were examined by histogram after non-local means filtering, applied to emphasize the SD border. Segmentation was based on a watershed algorithm, as elaborated in Nudel et al [ 19 ]. Briefly, using threshold partitioning, enamel, dentin, and pulp were segmented.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age-related SD accumulation was compared using a 1 mm slice below the CEJ and evaluating the SD/PD ratio, as elaborated in Nudel et al [ 19 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of this study was to analyze the association between attrition and SD formation by analyzing teeth with varying degrees of attrition from a cohort of same-aged individuals. Applying a novel technique to segment the SD using micro-tomography [ 19 ], we examined the SD architecture in three dimensions, allowing us to discern the effects of attrition while omitting confounders such as age and sex. By doing so, we suggest a new hypothesis for the formation mechanism of SD, providing basic understanding for the tooth-aging process and dental physiology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondary Dentin Formation Mechanism: The Effect of Attrition

Nudel

Pokhojaev

Bitterman

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Human dentin consists of a primary layer produced during tooth formation in early childhood and a second layer which first forms upon tooth eruption and continues throughout life, termed secondary dentin (SD). The effect of attrition on SD formation was considered to be confined to the area subjacent to attrition facets. However, due to a lack of three-dimensional methodologies to demonstrate the structure of the SD, this association could not be determined. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to explore the thickening pattern of the SD in relation to the amount of occlusal and interproximal attrition. A total of 30 premolars (50–60 years of age) with varying attrition rates were evaluated using micro-computerized tomography. The results revealed thickening of the SD below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), mostly in the mesial and distal aspects of the root (p < 0.05). The pattern of thickening under the tooth cervix, rather than in proximity to attrition facets, was consistent regardless of the attrition level. The amount of SD thickening mildly correlated with occlusal attrition (r = 0.577, p < 0.05) and not with interproximal attrition. The thickening of the SD below the CEJ coincided with previous finite element models, suggesting that this area is mostly subjected to stress due to occlusal loadings. Therefore, we suggest that the SD formation might serve as a compensatory mechanism aimed to strengthen tooth structure against deflection caused by mechanical loading. Our study suggests that occlusal forces may play a significant role in SD formation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age-related SD accumulation was compared using a 1 mm slice below the CEJ and evaluating the SD/PD ratio, as elaborated in Nudel et al [ 19 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondary Dentin Formation Mechanism: The Effect of Attrition

Nudel

Pokhojaev

Bitterman

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…reduction of the pulp cavity. Secondary dentin can therefore be used as a feature for age determination in the living and in the deceased [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondary dentin formation can also be assessed non-invasively, as it is associated with the volume reduction of the pulp cavity. Secondary dentin can therefore be used as a feature for age determination in the living and in the deceased [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-dependent decrease in dental pulp cavity volume as a feature for age assessment: a comparative in vitro study using 9.4-T UTE-MRI and CBCT 3D imaging

et al. 2021

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Evaluation of secondary dentin formation is generally suitable for age assessment. We investigated the potential of modern magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology to visualize the dental pulp in direct comparison with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). To this end, we examined 32 extracted human teeth (teeth 11–48 [FDI]) using 9.4-T ultrashort echo time (UTE)-MRI and CBCT (methods). 3D reconstruction was performed via both manual and semi-automatic segmentation (settings) for both methods in two runs by one examiner. Nine teeth were also examined by a second examiner. We evaluated the agreement between examiners, scan methods, and settings. CBCT was able to determine the pulp volume for all teeth. This was not possible for two teeth on MRI due to MRI artifacts. The mean pulp volume estimated by CBCT was consistently higher (~ 43%) with greater variability. With lower variability in its measurements, evaluation of pulp volume using the MRI method exhibited greater sensitivity to differences between settings (p = 0.016) and between examiners (p = 0.009). The interactions of single-rooted teeth and multi-rooted teeth and method or setting were not found to be significant. For examiner agreement, the mean pulp volumes were similar with overlapping measurements (ICC > 0.995). Suitable for use in age assessment is 9.4-T UTE-MRI with good reliability and lower variation than CBCT. For MRI, manual segmentation is necessary due to a more detailed representation of the interior of the pulp cavity. Since determination of pulp volume is expected to be systematically larger using CBCT, method-specific reference values are indispensable for practical age assessment procedures. The results should be verified under in vivo conditions in the future.

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Age estimation based on 3D pulp chamber segmentation of first molars from cone-beam–computed tomography by integrated deep learning and level set

Zheng

et al. 2020

Int J Legal Med

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Age estimation of fragmented human dental remains by secondary dentin virtual analysis

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Secondary Dentin Formation Mechanism: The Effect of Attrition

Secondary Dentin Formation Mechanism: The Effect of Attrition

Age-dependent decrease in dental pulp cavity volume as a feature for age assessment: a comparative in vitro study using 9.4-T UTE-MRI and CBCT 3D imaging

Age estimation based on 3D pulp chamber segmentation of first molars from cone-beam–computed tomography by integrated deep learning and level set

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