Age differences in the temporal continuity of gratings as a function of their spatial frequency

Kline, Donald W.; Scialfa, Charles T.; Lyman, Brian J.; Schieber, Frank

doi:10.1080/07340669008251528

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The present findings offer little support for either the suggestion that age-related temporal losses are attributable to sensitivity declines (e.g., Kim & Mayer, 1994; Mayer et al, 1988; Zhang & Sturr, 1995), or that they are compensated at suprathreshold levels (Tulunay-Keesey et al, 1988). They are, however, consistent with prior studies reporting an age-related decline in the temporal resolution of high-contrast targets (e.g., Barrett et al, 1994; Buckingham et al, 1987; Hiller & Kline, 2001; Kline et al, 1990; Kline et al, 2001; Whitaker et al, 1992). When contrast was increased, counterphase flicker thresholds for both young and old observers at full luminance were elevated, but age differences were not reduced.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The age deficit on photopic counterphase flicker: Contrast, spatial frequency, and luminance effects.

Culham¹,

Kline²

2002

Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology / Revue canadienne

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This study evaluated the contribution of reduced contrast sensitivity and retinal illuminance to the age-related deficit on the temporal resolution of suprathreshold spatial stimuli. The discrimination of counterphase flicker was measured in optimally refracted young and elderly observers for sinusoidal gratings of three spatial frequencies (1, 4, and 8 cycles per degree) at three contrast levels (0.11, 0.33, and 0.66). Age deficits in flicker discrimination at the two higher contrast levels and at the two lower spatial frequencies were unrelated to observer contrast sensitivity. Flicker discrimination of young observers who carried out the task through .5 ND filters to simulate a two-thirds reduction of retinal illuminance in the older eye, was similar to that of the elderly observers. An age-related reduction in retinal luminance appears to be a major determinant of the age-related spatiotemporal deficit at suprathreshold contrast levels, although neural factors may also be involved.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The age deficit on photopic counterphase flicker: Contrast, spatial frequency, and luminance effects.

Culham¹,

Kline²

2002

Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology / Revue canadienne

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“…Less obvious, but likely a result of declines in retinal illuminance and loss of magnocellular neurons, are reductions in temporal resolution. This is seen in elevated temporal contrast sensitivity thresholds (Tyler, 1989), as well as a prolonged time-course of backward masking (Walsh, Till, & Williams, 1978), visible persistence (Kline, Scialfa, Lyman, & Schieber, 1990), and the duration of after-images (Kline & Nestor, 1977). Essentially, the elderly will be disadvantaged in any experimental conditions where information is presented in rapid sequence.…”

Section: Sensory Aging and Its Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of sensory factors in cognitive aging research.

Scialfa¹

2002

Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology / Revue canadienne

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Performance on complex, cognitive tasks often is sensitive to low-level sensory and perceptual factors. These relations are particularly important for cognitive aging researchers because aging is associated with a variety of changes in sensory and perceptual function. In the article that follows, I first selectively outline some relations between task performance and sensory function. Next, I summarize age-related changes in visual function and the implications of these changes for task performance, using the digit-symbol subtest of the WAIS as an example. I offer some reasons why age-related sensory decline may not be important to all cognitive tasks. Finally, I provide several recommendations for cognitive gerontologists who want to minimize the risk that the age differences they observe are sensory in nature.

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“…Temporal slowing in the visual system as a result of healthy aging has been documented in a number of different paradigms that range from simple foveal flicker sensitivity (Kim & Mayer, 1994) and impulse response function estimation (Shinomori & Werner, 2003) to more complex stimuli such as temporal continuity judgments (Craig, Rhodes, Busey, Kewley-Port, & Humes, in press; Kline, Scialfa, Lyman, & Schieber, 1990) and second order motion (Habak & Faubert, 2000). Other senses have documented similar slowing, including the tactile (Gescheider, Valetutti, Padula, & Verrillo, 1992; Humes, Busey, Craig, & Kewley-Port, 2009) and auditory modalities (Wingfield, Poon, Lombardi, & Lowe, 1985).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related changes in visual temporal order judgment performance: Relation to sensory and cognitive capacities

et al. 2010

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Five measures of temporal order judgments were obtained from 261 participants, including 146 elder, 44 middle aged, and 71 young participants. Strong age group differences were observed in all five measures, although the group differences were reduced when letter discriminability was matched for all participants. Significant relations were found between these measures of temporal processing and several cognitive and sensory assays, and structural equation modeling revealed the degree to which temporal order processing can be viewed as a latent factor that depends in part on contributions from sensory and cognitive capacities. The best-fitting model involved two different latent factors representing temporal order processing at same and different locations, and the sensory and cognitive factors were more successful predicting performance in the different location factor than the same-location factor. Processing speed, even measured using high-contrast symbols on a paper-and-pencil test, was a surprisingly strong predictor of variability in both latent factors. However, low-level sensory measures also made significant contributions to the latent factors. The results demonstrate the degree to which temporal order processing relates to other perceptual and cognitive capacities, and address the question of whether age-related declines in these capacities share a common cause.

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Age differences in the temporal continuity of gratings as a function of their spatial frequency

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

The age deficit on photopic counterphase flicker: Contrast, spatial frequency, and luminance effects.

The age deficit on photopic counterphase flicker: Contrast, spatial frequency, and luminance effects.

The role of sensory factors in cognitive aging research.

Age-related changes in visual temporal order judgment performance: Relation to sensory and cognitive capacities

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