The role of sensory factors in cognitive aging research.

Scialfa, Charles T.

doi:10.1037/h0087393

Cited by 80 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…In a separate study, speed of processing effects on intelligence were entirely mediated by vision and hearing scores (Lindenberger & Baltes, 1994). More recent experiments and reviews have further documented the substantial relations between sensory and cognitive functioning (e.g., Schneider, Daneman, & Pichora-Fuller, 2002;Scialfa, 2002). This effect of perceptual difficulties on cognitive processing has been called the information-degradation hypothesis (Schneider & Pichora-Fuller, 2000).…”

Section: Perceptual Deficits and Reduced Cognitive Processingmentioning

confidence: 94%

Modeling age-related differences in immediate memory using SIMPLE

Surprenant

Neath

Brown

2006

Journal of Memory and Language

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In the SIMPLE model (Scale Invariant Memory and Perceptual Learning), performance on memory tasks is determined by the locations of items in multidimensional space, and better performance is associated with having fewer close neighbors. Unlike most previous simulations with SIMPLE, the ones reported here used measured, rather than assumed, dimensional values. The data to be modeled come from an experiment in which younger and older adults recalled lists of acoustically confusable and non-confusable items. A multidimensional scaling solution based on the memory confusions was obtained. SIMPLE accounted for the overall difference in performance both between the two age groups and, within each age group, the overall difference between acoustically confusable and non-confusable items in terms of the MDS coordinates. Moreover, the model accounted for the serial position functions and error gradients. Finally, the generality of the model's account was examined by fitting data from an already published study. The data and the modeling support the hypothesis that older adults' memory may be worse, in part, because of altered representations due to age-related auditory perceptual deficits. KeywordsMemory; Memory models; Aging and memory Brown, Neath, and Chater (2002; see also Neath and Brown 2006) proposed a local distinctiveness model of memory called SIMPLE (Scale Invariant Memory and Perceptual Learning) in which memory retrieval, regardless of the paradigm, is viewed as discrimination of items in terms of their location along one or more dimensions. Items with fewer close neighbors on the relevant dimensions will be better remembered than items with more close neighbors. In a typical simulation, the researcher makes an assumption about what the relevant underlying dimensions should be. For many simulations, the choice of dimensions is relatively uncontroversial; for example, for free recall, the primary dimension is typically assumed to be time (Brown et al., 2002) and for absolute identification of tones, it is assumed to be frequency

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Section: Perceptual Deficits and Reduced Cognitive Processingmentioning

confidence: 94%

Modeling age-related differences in immediate memory using SIMPLE

Surprenant

Neath

Brown

2006

Journal of Memory and Language

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“…Although changes in vision have consequences for visual language processing (MacKay, Taylor, & Marian, 2005;Scialfa, 2002;, the role of sensory deficits in auditory language processing has been investigated more extensively . Presbycusis, or pure-tone hearing loss, especially at higher frequencies represented in speech, constitutes a major sensory decrement in old age and can contribute to poorer identification of single words even in quiet listening situations (e.g., Humes, 1996).…”

Section: Lexical Processing a Word Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier

2009

Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry

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“…However, this does not mean that the available technology includes appropriate digital image processing tools. Even though the images are in digital form, a decisive part in the correctness of processing the material lies with the person of the processor and especially with his visual perception of the images [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher age is also manifested by a number of changes in the retinal image, including the decrease in photoreceptors [2]. The loss of light falling on the retina may be up to 90% [3] at the age 70 and more.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Research of Visual Interpretation of Aerial Images and Topographic Maps for Unskilled Users: Searching for Objects Important for Decision-Making in Crisis Situations

Svatoňová¹,

Kolejka²

2017

IJGI

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Abstract:The article presents the results of research focused on the speed and success rate of reading aerial images and topographic maps showing the same territory in the Czech Republic. Attention was focused on searching for objects of importance in terms of disaster management (railway and road bridges, road, watercourse, railway station, airport). The success rate was electronically evaluated by the Hypothesis software as a whole for the image, and the map was created for all respondents and for selected groups of respondents. The results showed that, with the exception of watercourse identification, other strategic objects are found faster and more reliably on color aerial images. No differences in speed and success of interpretation were found between men and women, laymen and experts. Soldiers and crisis management personnel were faster than laymen, but they were equally successful. Color aerial images or color aerial orthophotomaps have thus proved to be a key source of data for effective decision-making on a territory where a crisis event is taking place and where the deployment of a crisis unit is a need.

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The role of sensory factors in cognitive aging research.

Cited by 80 publications

References 81 publications

Modeling age-related differences in immediate memory using SIMPLE

Modeling age-related differences in immediate memory using SIMPLE

Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier

Comparative Research of Visual Interpretation of Aerial Images and Topographic Maps for Unskilled Users: Searching for Objects Important for Decision-Making in Crisis Situations

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