Age determination by MR imaging of the wrist in Egyptian male football players. How far is it reliable?

Abdelbary, Mohammed H.; Abdelkawi, Mostafa M.; Nasr, Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.ejrnm.2017.12.005

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The mean declared age of our players was 15.7 ±1.1 years, with a minimum age of 13 years and a majority of players between 15 (27%) and 16 (32.6%) years. This was similarly obtained by Sarkodie et al in Ghana (5).The youngest player in our study was 13 years old, similar to that obtained in other studies (10)(11)(12).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Our study found that there was a strong interobserver agreement between the raters, (k= 0.940 between observers 1 and 2, k= 0.867 between observers 1 and 3, and k= 0.896 between observers 2 and 3). This was similar to what was obtained in other studies (5,11). MRI of the left wrist is therefore a reliable, radiation free method of age determination.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Estimation of bone age by MRI and inter-observer variability for a Cameroonian “Fifa u-17” pre-selection.

Administrateur- JAIM,

MOIFO Boniface,

TAMBE OBEN TANYITIKU Dora

et al. 2023

J Afr Imag Méd

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Background: L'âge chronologique des footballeurs camerounais a souvent été difficile à vérifier car l'enregistrement à la naissance n'est pas obligatoire et les documents de naissance ne sont pas toujours authentifiables et donc peu fiables. Il est donc important de disposer d’une méthode précise de détermination de l’âge pour les sports de competition liés à l’âge comme le football. Objectif: Déterminer l'âge réel des footballeurs camerounais aspirant à jouer pour la sélection nationale de football U17, en utilisant le degré de fusion de la physe radiale distal en Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique (IRM) et évaluer la fiabilité inter-observateur entre les évaluateurs. Méthode: Nous avons interprété les examens IRM du poignet gauche de 89 joueurs sélectionnés pour jouer pour la sélection nationale U 17 lors de la Coupe d'Afrique des Nations (AFCON) 2019 et 2021 organisée par la FIFA. L'étude a été réalisée dans un centre d'imagerie à Yaoundé. Toutes les images ont été obtenues sur un scanner IRM 1,5T et analysées par trois évaluateurs indépendants à l'aide du système de notation FIFA précédemment publié. Résultats: L'âge moyen déclaré des joueurs était de 15,7 ± 1,1. L’âge moyen à l’IRM était de 17,04 ans. Il n’y avait pas de corrélation significative entre les âges déclarés et l’âge osseux des joueurs (Spearman rho, r=0,152). La fiabilité inter-observateur pour la notation était élevée (r = 0,86, 0,89 et 0,94). Conclusion: L'IRM du poignet gauche est une méthode précise de détermination de l'âge et de sélection des joueurs dans les sports de compétition liés à l'âge. L’absence de corrélation entre l’âge déclaré et l’âge osseux conforte la suspicion selon laquelle la plupart des footballeurs camerounais ne connaissent peut-être pas leur âge réel ou l’ont falsifié. La très forte variabilité inter-observateur valide la fiabilité et la reproductibilité de cette méthode d'estimation de l'âge osseux. RÉSUMÉ Background: The chronological age of Cameroonian footballers has often been difficult to verify as registration at birth is not compulsory and documentation of births is not proper and unreliable. Hence, an accurate method of age determination for age-related competitive sports is important. Objective: To determine the actual age of Cameroonian football players aspiring to play for the national U17 football, using the degree of fusion of the distal radius on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and evaluate the inter-observer reliability between the raters. Methods: We interpreted MRI scans of the left wrist of 89 players selected to play for the national U 17 during the 2019 and 2021 African Cup of Nations (AFCON) organized by FIFA. The study was carried out at an imaging centre in Yaoundé. All images were obtained on a 1.5T MRI Scanner and analyzed by three independent raters using the previously published FIFA grading system. Results: The mean declared age of the players was 15.7±1.1. The mean age on MRI scans was 17.04. There was no significant correlation between the declared ages and the bone ages of the players (Spearman rho, r=0.152). The inter-observer reliability for grading was high (r=0.86, 0.89 and 0.94). Conclusion: MRI of the left wrist is an accurate method of age determination and selection of players in age-related competitive sports. The lack of correlation between declared age and bone age supports the suspicion that most Cameroonian football players may not know their real ages or may have falsified them. The very high inter-observer variability validates the reliability and reproducibility of this method of bone age estimation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Estimation of bone age by MRI and inter-observer variability for a Cameroonian “Fifa u-17” pre-selection.

Administrateur- JAIM,

MOIFO Boniface,

TAMBE OBEN TANYITIKU Dora

et al. 2023

J Afr Imag Méd

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“…Regression formulas were reported in [25,30,36,72,82]. Corresponding coefficients of determination ranged from 0.40 [25] to 0.85 [36].…”

Section: Age Estimation Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, differences between ethnic groups have been demonstrated too [91,92]. Presumably, trends in those studies also apply to MRI, but ethnic differences have only been studied for hand/wrist MRI [2,44,72,79]. Moreover, these studies were only conducted in football players, who might be more advanced in their development than a general population of the same age [93][94][95][96].…”

Section: Study Populations and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging for forensic age estimation in living children and young adults: a systematic review

et al. 2020

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Background The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in forensic age estimation has been explored extensively during the past decade.Objective To synthesize the available MRI data for forensic age estimation in living children and young adults, and to provide a comprehensive overview that can guide age estimation practice and future research.Materials and Methods MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science were searched. Additionally, cited and citing articles and study registers were searched. Two authors independently selected articles, conducted data extraction, and assessed risk of bias. Study populations including living subjects up to 30 years were considered.Results Fifty-five studies were included in qualitative analysis and 33 in quantitative analysis. Most studies suffered from bias, including relatively small European (Caucasian) populations, varying MR-approaches and varying staging techniques. Therefore, pooling of the age distribution data was not appropriate.Reproducibility of staging was remarkably lower in clavicles than in any other anatomical structure. Age estimation performance was in line with the gold standard, which uses radiographs, with mean absolute errors ranging from 0.85 to 2.0 years. The proportion of correctly classified minors ranged from 65% to 91%. Multifactorial age estimation performed better than based on a single anatomical site. ConclusionMore multi-factorial age estimation studies are necessary, together with studies testing if the MRI data can safely be pooled. The current review results can guide future studies, help medical professionals to decide on the preferred approach for specific cases, and help judicial professionals to interpret the evidential value of age estimation results.

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“…These population differences question the validity and reliability of using these non-invasive methods within academy soccer players and further investigative studies that take these population differences into consideration are required. Collectively, these results indicate that invasive and non-invasive methods should not be used interchangeably given their relatively poor agreement [43], therefore practitioners are advised not to combine invasive and non-invasive methods when assessing maturational status and timing in academy soccer players [44].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Methods to predict the timing and status of biological maturation in male adolescent soccer players: A narrative systematic review

Sullivan,

Roberts,

Mckeown

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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The aim of this review was to summarise the methods used to predict and assess maturity status and timing in adolescent, male, academy soccer players. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Medline and SPORTDiscus. Only experimental studies including male, academy players aged U9-U18 years registered with a professional soccer club were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using guidelines from the Framework of Potential Biases. Fifteen studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Studies were mainly conducted in European countries (n = 12). In total, 4,707 players were recruited across all 15 studies, with an age range of 8–18 years. Five studies were longitudinal, two studies were mixed-method designs and eight studies were cross-sectional. Due to high heterogeneity within the studies, a meta-analysis was not performed. Our findings provided no equivalent estimations of adult height, skeletal age, or age at PHV. Discrepancies were evident between actual and predicted adult height and age at PHV. The Bayley-Pinneau [1952], Tanner-Whitehouse 2 [1983] and Khamis-Roche [1994] methods produced estimates of adult height within 1cm of actual adult height. For age at PHV, both Moore [2015] equations produced the closest estimates to actual age at PHV, and the Fransen [2018] equation correlated highly with actual age at PHV (>90%), even when the period between chronological age and age at PHV was large. Medical imaging techniques (e.g., Magnetic Resonance Imaging, X-Ray, Dual energy X-ray Absorptiometry) demonstrated high intra/inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.83–0.98) for skeletal maturity assessments. The poor concordance between invasive and non-invasive methods, is a warning to practitioners to not use these methods interchangeably for assessing maturational status and timing in academy soccer players. Further research with improved study designs is required to validate these results and improve our understanding of these methods when applied in this target population.

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Age determination by MR imaging of the wrist in Egyptian male football players. How far is it reliable?

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Estimation of bone age by MRI and inter-observer variability for a Cameroonian “Fifa u-17” pre-selection.

Estimation of bone age by MRI and inter-observer variability for a Cameroonian “Fifa u-17” pre-selection.

Magnetic resonance imaging for forensic age estimation in living children and young adults: a systematic review

Methods to predict the timing and status of biological maturation in male adolescent soccer players: A narrative systematic review

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