Age-Dependent Increased Calcium and Decreased Magnesium Concentrations and an Increased Calcium/Magnesium Ratio in SHR Versus Wky

Kisters, Klaus; Wessels, F; Tokmak, Faruk; Gremmler, B.; Kosch, Markus; Hausberg, Martin

doi:10.1097/00004872-200406002-00155

Cited by 6 publications

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“…The calcium and magnesium flux across the external membrane is regulated by a calcium pump (calcium-magnesium-ATPase), calcium channels, and binding to the membrane. In cell membranes and in lymphocytes of hypertensive patients, our group showed significant increase of calcium, decrease of magnesium and an increased calcium/magnesium ratio (Ca 2+ /Mg 2+ >2) [ 71 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 ]. In addition, it could be shown experimentally that a lack of magnesium increases the risk for lipid peroxidation and the development of dyslipoproteinemia.…”

Section: Magnesium In the Treatment And Prevention Of Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Magnesium in Prevention and Therapy

Gröber¹,

Schmidt²,

2015

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Magnesium is the fourth most abundant mineral in the body. It has been recognized as a cofactor for more than 300 enzymatic reactions, where it is crucial for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolism. Magnesium is required for DNA and RNA synthesis, reproduction, and protein synthesis. Moreover, magnesium is essential for the regulation of muscular contraction, blood pressure, insulin metabolism, cardiac excitability, vasomotor tone, nerve transmission and neuromuscular conduction. Imbalances in magnesium status—primarily hypomagnesemia as it is seen more common than hypermagnesemia—might result in unwanted neuromuscular, cardiac or nervous disorders. Based on magnesium’s many functions within the human body, it plays an important role in prevention and treatment of many diseases. Low levels of magnesium have been associated with a number of chronic diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease (e.g., stroke), migraine headaches, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

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Section: Magnesium In the Treatment And Prevention Of Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Magnesium in Prevention and Therapy

Gröber¹,

Schmidt²,

2015

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“…34,35) Magnesium acts in an antagonistic fashion against calcium in the cell membrane. 36 36,39) also demonstrated that the ratio of calcium to magnesium in the cell membrane was elevated in patients with primary hypertension, which could be an atherogenic risk factor for hypertensives. A positive correlation between mortality from ischemic heart disease and the ratio of calcium to magnesium in diet has been proven in several countries.…”

Section: Effects Of Plasma Hormones On Hemodynamics In the Rabbits Fementioning

confidence: 96%

Deep-Sea Water Improves Cardiovascular Hemodynamics in Kurosawa and Kusanagi-Hypercholesterolemic (KHC) Rabbits

Katsuda

Yasukawa

Nakagawa

et al. 2008

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Water is essential to life processes and has a number of significant functions. The ingredients of drinking water as well as nutrients in foodstuffs are now considered important to people's health. Deep-sea water in particular has started to receive attention for its rich inorganic nutrients such as Mg, Ca, and K 1,2) which are due mainly to less photosynthesis of plant plankton and much organic decomposition. In addition to the beneficial effects of these minerals on the cardiovascular system, unknown effects of some ultratrace elements or unknown substances in deep-sea water may be found in future. Some scientific evidences of therapeutic or preventive effects of deep-sea water have been reported recently. Deepsea water improved mineral imbalances and atopic eczema/ dermatitis syndrome in humans 2) and was effective in the prevention of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. 3,4) We expect that the continuous intake of deep-sea water could prevent hypertension as well as hypercholesterolemia, because investigators have revealed that oral supplementation of calcium 5,6) or magnesium 7,8) to hypertensive patients lowered blood pressure in addition to reducing the serum total cholesterol level. 7)Hypercholesterolemia and hypertension occur due to genetic as well as dietary factors. The Kurosawa and KusanagiHypercholesterolemic (KHC) rabbit is an animal model of spontaneous hypercholesterolemia (Type IIa) and atherosclerosis established by inbreeding a mutant of the Japanese White rabbit discovered by Japan Laboratory Animals, Inc. in 1985.9) The KHC rabbit is deficient in LDL-receptors in the liver and shows an abnormally increased LDL-cholesterol level without unusual deposits of fat in some organs.9) Atherosclerosis develops in the aortic arch and around bifurcations of the main branch arteries by the age of 3 months.9) We also reported previously that young adult KHC rabbits aged 10-12 months showed mild hypertension compared to agematched normal rabbits in addition to hypercholesterolemia, though atherosclerotic lesions were relatively in the earlystage. 10,11) The mild hypertension is thought to be independent of hypercholesterolemia.11) Intervention of either hypercholesterolemia or hypertension is considered to be inadequate to prevent progression of atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular events if hypertension and hypercholesterolemia coexist.12) Ca and Mg in deep-sea water could suppress absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine in cholesterol-fed rabbits, which might contribute to anti-hypercholesterolemic action of deep-sea water.3,4) Therefore, it is appropriate to use spontaneous hypercholesterolemic rabbits.In the present study, we investigated the effect of the intake of refined deep-sea water at a degree of hardness of 1000 for 6 months on hypercholesterolemia and mild hypertension in KHC rabbits aged 4 months, at which time atherosclerosis starts to occur in the ascending aorta and around orifices of branch arteries, by measuring serum and plasma biochemical par...

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“…In ANG II-induced hypertension in rats, inhibition of the Na ϩ /Mg 2ϩ antiporter resulted in reduced blood pressure, normalization of vascular and renal MAP kinase activity, and improved vascular structure (225)(226)(227). Other studies also have demonstrated alterations in Na ϩ /Mg 2ϩ exchanger activity in hypertension (104,105,164).…”

Section: Magnesium Transporters Trpm6 Trpm7 and The Vasculature Inmentioning

confidence: 97%

Transient receptor potential melastatin 6 and 7 channels, magnesium transport, and vascular biology: implications in hypertension

Touyz¹

2008

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

133

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Magnesium, an essential intracellular cation, is critically involved in many biochemical reactions involved in the regulation of vascular tone and integrity. Decreased magnesium concentration has been implicated in altered vascular reactivity, endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and structural remodeling, processes important in vascular changes and target organ damage associated with hypertension. Until recently, very little was known about mechanisms regulating cellular magnesium homeostasis, and processes controlling transmembrane magnesium transport had been demonstrated only at the functional level. Two cation channels of the transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) cation channel family have now been identified as magnesium transporters, TRPM6 and TRPM7. These unique proteins, termed chanzymes because they possess a channel and a kinase domain, are differentially expressed, with TRPM6 being found primarily in epithelial cells and TRPM7 occurring ubiquitously. Vascular TRPM7 is modulated by vasoactive agents, pressure, stretch, and osmotic changes and may be a novel mechanotransducer. In addition to its magnesium transporter function, TRPM7 has been implicated as a signaling kinase involved in vascular smooth muscle cell growth, apoptosis, adhesion, contraction, cytoskeletal organization, and migration, important processes involved in vascular remodeling associated with hypertension and other vascular diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that vascular TRPM7 function may be altered in hypertension. This review discusses the importance of magnesium in vascular biology and implications in hypertension and highlights the transport systems, particularly TRPM6 and TRPM7, which may play a role in the control of vascular magnesium homeostasis. Since the recent identification and characterization of Mg2+-selective transporters, there has been enormous interest in the field. However, there is still a paucity of information, and much research is needed to clarify the exact mechanisms of magnesium regulation in the cardiovascular system and the implications of aberrant transmembrane magnesium transport in the pathogenesis of hypertension and other vascular diseases.

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Age-Dependent Increased Calcium and Decreased Magnesium Concentrations and an Increased Calcium/Magnesium Ratio in SHR Versus Wky

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Magnesium in Prevention and Therapy

Magnesium in Prevention and Therapy

Deep-Sea Water Improves Cardiovascular Hemodynamics in Kurosawa and Kusanagi-Hypercholesterolemic (KHC) Rabbits

Transient receptor potential melastatin 6 and 7 channels, magnesium transport, and vascular biology: implications in hypertension

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