Age associated differences in postural equilibrium control: A comparison between EQscore and minimum time to contact (TTCmin)

Forth, Katharine E.; Metter, E. Jeffrey; Paloski, William H.

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2005.12.008

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Both manipulations were successful, but only somatosensory led to pronounced age-effects in posture. These sizeable age differences shown only when somatosensory information was compromised, suggest that somatosensory processing for posture is sensitive to age related decline, in agreement with past evidence (Manchester et al 1989;Cohen et al 1996;Teasdale and Simoneau 2001;Speers et al 2002;Forth et al 2007). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Although posture and dual-task effects were clear when somatosensory information was compromised, visual sway referencing did not reveal effects of age and dual-tasking although we used a greater gain level (1.5) than previous studies (Cohen et al 1996;Speers et al 2002;Forth et al 2007). Similarly, past evidence suggests that effects of vision on posture are observed only when somatosensory as well as visual information is compromised, for instance in older adults with age-related maculopathy standing on a compliant (foam) surface (Elliott et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, bus 3715, 3000 Leuven, Belgium e-mail: mihalis.doumas@psy.kuleuven.be responsiveness of the support/surround is determined by a gain factor, with a gain of 1 resulting in movement of the support/surround at an exact proportion of the center of pressure (COP) movement, aiming to minimize sensory information in the affected modality. The effectiveness of this method was demonstrated in a study showing that sway in healthy adults under conditions with gain of 1 was found to be similar to sway in patients with diabetic (peripheral) neuropathy who stood on a stable surface as well as in studies showing clear differences between healthy young and older adults (Cohen et al 1996;Speers et al 2002;Forth et al 2007). In contrast, visual sway referencing did not reveal reliable age differences in the same studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Somatosensory function is considered to be the most important sensory source for postural control, contributing at least 60-75% of the information in standing on a stable surface (Horak et al 1994;Peterka and Benolken 1995;Simoneau et al 1995). This function is affected by aging, with older adults showing greater instability when somatosensory information is compromised using tendon vibration (Teasdale and Simoneau 2001), platform perturbations (Manchester et al 1989) or sway referencing (Cohen et al 1996;Speers et al 2002;Forth et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Task prioritization in aging: effects of sensory information on concurrent posture and memory performance

2008

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In older adults, cognitive resources play a key role in maintaining postural stability. In the present study, we evaluated whether increasing postural instability using sway referencing induces changes in resource allocation in dual-task performance leading older adults to prioritize the more age-salient posture task over a cognitive task. Young and older adults participated in the study which comprised two sessions. In the first session, three posture tasks (stable, sway reference visual, sway reference somatosensory) and a working memory task (n-back) were examined. In the second session, single-and dual-task performance of posture and memory were assessed. Postural stability improved with session. Participants were more unstable in the sway reference conditions, and pronounced age differences were observed in the somatosensory sway reference condition. In dual-task performance on the stable surface, older adults showed an almost 40% increase in instability compared to single-task. However, in the sway reference somatosensory condition, stability was the same in single-and dual-task performance, whereas pronounced (15%) costs emerged for cognition. These results show that during dual-tasking while standing on a stable surface, older adults have the flexibility to allow an increase in instability to accommodate cognitive task performance. However, when instability increases by means of compromising somatosensory information, levels of postural control are kept similar in single-and dual-task, by utilizing resources otherwise allocated to the cognitive task. This evidence emphasizes the flexible nature of resource allocation, developed over the life-span to compensate for age-related decline in sensorimotor and cognitive processing.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Task prioritization in aging: effects of sensory information on concurrent posture and memory performance

2008

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“…TtC has been used to assess postural stability in quiet stance conditions involving relatively small CoM velocities and accelerations. Some calculate TtC as the distance to the base of support boundary divided by the velocity of the center of pressure (CoP) (Van Wegen et al 2002;Hertel et al 2006;Hertel and Olmsted-Kramer 2007) or CoM (Forth et al 2007), while others also include CoP acceleration (Slobounov et al 1997;Slobounov et al 1998;Patton et al 2000;Slobounov et al 2006;Haibach et al 2007). Comparison of these methods by Haddad et al (2006) suggested that the addition of acceleration information might better represent static postural control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting dynamic postural instability using center of mass time-to-contact information

Hasson

Emmerik

Caldwell

2008

Journal of Biomechanics

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Our purpose was to determine whether spatiotemporal measures of center of mass motion relative to the base of support boundary could predict stepping strategies after upper-body postural perturbations in humans. We expected that inclusion of center of mass acceleration in such time-tocontact (TtC) calculations would give better predictions and more advanced warning of perturbation severity. TtC measures were compared with traditional postural variables, which don't consider support boundaries, and with an inverted pendulum model of dynamic stability developed by Hof et al. (2005). A pendulum was used to deliver sequentially increasing perturbations to 10 young adults, who were strapped to a wooden backboard that constrained motion to sagittal plane rotation about the ankle joint. Subjects were instructed to resist the perturbations, stepping only if necessary to prevent a fall. Peak center of mass and center of pressure velocity and acceleration demonstrated linear increases with postural challenge. In contrast, boundary relevant minimum TtC values decreased nonlinearly with postural challenge, enabling prediction of stepping responses using quadratic equations. When TtC calculations incorporated center of mass acceleration, the quadratic fits were better and gave more accurate predictions of the TtC values that would trigger stepping responses. In addition, TtC minima occurred earlier with acceleration inclusion, giving more advanced warning of perturbation severity. Our results were in agreement with TtC predictions based on Hof's model, and suggest that TtC may function as a control parameter, influencing the postural control system's decision to transition from a stationary base of support to a stepping strategy.

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Enhancing Postural Stability and Adaptability in Multiple Sclerosis

Emmerik

Jones

Remelius

et al. 2014

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Age associated differences in postural equilibrium control: A comparison between EQscore and minimum time to contact (TTCmin)

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Task prioritization in aging: effects of sensory information on concurrent posture and memory performance

Task prioritization in aging: effects of sensory information on concurrent posture and memory performance

Predicting dynamic postural instability using center of mass time-to-contact information

Enhancing Postural Stability and Adaptability in Multiple Sclerosis

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