Age- and type-dependent effects of parity on urinary incontinence: the Norwegian EPINCONT study

Abstract

Parity is an important risk factor for female urinary incontinence in fertile and peri- and early postmenopausal ages. Only stress and mixed types of incontinence are associated with parity. All effects of parity seem to disappear in older age.

Characteristics of middle-aged and elderly women with urinary incontinence

“…In contrast to most other studies we only found a rather weak association between parity and stress incontinence. Our finding is, however, in accordance with another recent study of women above the age of 65 years, which found little effect of parity among the elderly [26].…”

Caracterización clínica de la incontinencia urinaria y factores asociados en usuarias de la Unidad de la Mujer del Centro de Salud Familiar “Ultraestación” en la ciudad de Chillán, Chile

“…La paridad y el mecanismo de parto son factores de riesgo establecidos para IU, especialmente para IUE 1,2,4,7,23,34,36,37 . En este estudio no observamos una asociación significativa, pero si una tendencia mayor a presentar IU en las mujeres con al menos un embarazo.…”

Effect of Delivery and Episiotomy on the Emergence of Urinary Incontinence in Women: Review of Literature

“…Furthermore, this study found that women aged over 50 had no protective eff ect from cesarean section anymore 12 . Other factors that may have unfavorable infl uence are older age at fi rst childbirth and primiparity 36,37 . In the previously mentioned study by Rortveit et al, the incidence of stress urinary incontinence was 4.7%, 6.9% and 12.2% in the nulliparous, cesarean section and vaginal delivery groups, respectively.…”