Age- and Sex-Related Differences in Nonfatal Dog Bite Injuries Among Persons Aged 0-19 Treated in Hospital Emergency Departments, United States, 2001-2017

Basco, Adelaide Newman; McCormack, Emma; Basco, William T.

doi:10.1177/0033354920904072

Cited by 14 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Our finding with respect to younger age likely relates to their immature behavior and shorter height (Ramgopal et al 2018b ). Similar to prior literature, we identified a higher rate of injuries among children 0–9 years of age (Ramgopal et al 2018b ; Basco et al 2020 ) and among males (Ramgopal et al 2018b ). A high proportion of patients had head and neck injuries (Hurst et al 2020 ; Ramgopal et al 2018b ; Zangari et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Pediatric patients with dog bites presenting to US children’s hospitals

Ramgopal

Macy

2021

Inj. Epidemiol.

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Background To characterize pediatric dog bite injuries presenting to US children’s hospitals and identify factors associated with clinically significant injuries. Methods We performed a multicenter observational study from 26 pediatric hospitals between July 1, 2010, and June 30, 2020, including patients ≤ 18 years with dog bites, consolidating together encounters from patients with multiple encounters within 30 days as a single episode of care. We characterized diagnoses and procedures performed in these patients. We used generalized linear mixed models to identify factors associated with a composite outcome that we term clinically significant injuries (defined as admission, operating room charge, sedation, fractures/dislocations, intracranial/eye injury, skin/soft tissue infection, or in-hospital mortality). Results 68,833 episodes were included (median age 6.6 years [interquartile range 3.5–10.4 years], 55.5% male) from 67,781 patients. We identified 16,502 patients (24.0%) with clinically significant injuries, including 6653 (9.7%) admitted, 5080 (7.4%) managed in the operating room, 11,685 (17.0%) requiring sedation, 493 (0.7%) with a skull fracture, 32 (0.0%) with a fracture in the neck or trunk, 389 (0.6%) with a fracture of the upper limb, 51 (0.1%) with a fracture in the lower limb, 15 (0.0%) with dislocations, 66 (0.1%) with an intracranial injury and 164 (0.2%) with an injury to the eyeball, 3708 (5.4%) with skin/soft tissue infections, and 5 (0.0%) with in-hospital mortality. In multivariable analysis, younger age (0–4 years, 5–9 years, and 10–14 years relative to 15–18 years), weekday injuries, and an income in the second and third quartiles (relative to the lowest quartile) had higher odds of clinically significant injuries. Black patients (relative to White), Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, and private insurance status (relative to public insurance) had lower odds of clinically important injuries. When evaluating individual components within the composite outcome, most followed broader trends. Conclusion Dog bites are an important mechanism of injury encountered in children’s hospitals. Using a composite outcome measure, we identified younger, White, non-Hispanic children at higher risk of clinically significant injuries. Findings with respect to race and ethnicity and dog bite injuries warrant further investigation. Results can be used to identify populations for targeted prevention efforts to reduce severe dog bite injuries.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Pediatric patients with dog bites presenting to US children’s hospitals

Ramgopal

Macy

2021

Inj. Epidemiol.

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“…Children and adolescents also experience an increased risk of dog bites ( 77 ). The highest risk of dog bites in the United States is reported in children from ages 5–9 ( 78 ). However, companion animals also play an important role.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequitable Flow of Animals in and Out of Shelters: Comparison of Community-Level Vulnerability for Owner-Surrendered and Subsequently Adopted Animals

Gordon

Protopopova

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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There is increasing awareness among animal shelter professionals regarding the role of shelters in perpetuating inequities in pet ownership, although the relationship between owner vulnerabilities and animal shelter services is largely understudied. Currently, there is no literature comparing the sociodemographic conditions of communities where surrendered animals originate and communities where they are adopted. The present study compared the “flow” of surrendered animals between originating communities (incoming) and communities where they were adopted (outgoing; n = 21,270). To analyze community-level vulnerability, we used the Canadian Index of Multiple Deprivation (CIMD), which has four dimensions of social vulnerability. We found that three of the four CIMD dimensions were significantly different between surrendering and adopting communities (Ethnocultural Composition, Situational Vulnerability (SV), Economic Dependency, but not Residential Instability). For further investigation, we also grouped our analysis by intake groups (small animal n = 2,682; puppy n = 973; dog n = 3,446; kitten n = 6,436; cat n= 7,733) and found multiple relationships for which the incoming and outgoing CIMD quintiles were different. For example, for both puppies and kittens, the median outgoing SV quintile ranks were statistically significantly lower (less vulnerable) than incoming quintile ranks, with the effect size being moderate (puppy r = 0.31, kitten r = 0.30; p ≤ 0.0025), supporting the concern of the flow of certain animals from more vulnerable to less vulnerable communities. The results of this research provide a basis for understanding potential inequities in the use of shelter services to surrender or adopt an animal. Furthermore, these methods allow animal shelters to assess community needs and create interventions to reduce intake and increase adoption of animals. Finally, these data provide further support that animal sheltering is best considered from a One Welfare perspective.

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“… 3 The most affected populations are male youths, particularly those with behaviors that elicit or trigger aggressive actions in dogs. 4 , 5 Such behaviors include physically harassing the dog and trying to take the dog’s food. Injury rates have been shown to decrease with increasing age.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Review of the Management of Animal Bites

Savu

Schoenbrunner

Politi

et al. 2021

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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Background: Animal bites are common worldwide. Due to the plethora of animals, there are diverse pathogens with specific associated risks and treatment algorithms. It is crucial to understand these to develop and execute appropriate management plans. This practical review was designed to amalgamate the most common bites worldwide and synthesize data to help guide treatment plans. Methods: A PubMed literature search was performed focusing on the major animal bites. High-level studies were preferred and analyzed but lower-level studies were also used if high-level studies did not exist. Results: The tables presented in this article cover the pertinent information regarding the incidence, common presentation, initial treatment, and potential complications associated with bites from dogs, cats, horses, rodents, snakes, marine life, and spiders. Many of the pathogens associated with the bites are treatable with various and somewhat common antimicrobials, though some are less easy to access. Basic irrigation, debridement, and wound culture are common to almost every animal and should be the first step in treatment. Conclusions: Based on the current studies, the most important factor in treating animal bites is timely presentation to a medical facility and/or physician. It is critical that the offending animal be accurately identified to help guide medical and surgical algorithms, including specific antimicrobial treatment guided by the most commonly presenting pathogens specific to certain animals.

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Age- and Sex-Related Differences in Nonfatal Dog Bite Injuries Among Persons Aged 0-19 Treated in Hospital Emergency Departments, United States, 2001-2017

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Pediatric patients with dog bites presenting to US children’s hospitals

Pediatric patients with dog bites presenting to US children’s hospitals

Inequitable Flow of Animals in and Out of Shelters: Comparison of Community-Level Vulnerability for Owner-Surrendered and Subsequently Adopted Animals

Practical Review of the Management of Animal Bites

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