Age and sex differences in health habits and beliefs of schoolchildren.

Cohen, Rita Yopp; Brownell, Kelly D.; Felix, Michael R. J.

doi:10.1037/0278-6133.9.2.208

Cited by 71 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(34 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Previous analyses of the OYSUP data established that children's intentions to drink alcohol increased over time, and intentions predicted subsequent initiation of alcohol use . In the present study, consistent with the Theory of Reasoned Action, it was predicted that this increase in intentions would be predicted by children's increasingly favorable attitudes and increasing subjective norms.Analyses of the OYSUP data , and other studies (Cohen, Brownell & Felix, 1990; Grady, Gersick, Snow, & Kenssen, 1986), have shown that boys initiate alcohol use at a younger age than girls, but that girls' alcohol use increases faster over time than does boys'. Gender differences on personality variables in children indicate that boys are likely to be more hostile and girls are likely to be more sociable (Shiner, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analyses of the OYSUP data , and other studies (Cohen, Brownell & Felix, 1990;Grady, Gersick, Snow, & Kenssen, 1986), have shown that boys initiate alcohol use at a younger age than girls, but that girls' alcohol use increases faster over time than does boys'. Gender differences on personality variables in children indicate that boys are likely to be more hostile and girls are likely to be more sociable (Shiner, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Personality predictors of the development of elementary school children's intentions to drink alcohol: The mediating effects of attitudes and subjective norms.

Hampson¹,

Andrews²,

Barckley³

et al. 2006

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The authors tested a mediation model in which childhood hostility and sociability were expected to influence the development of intentions to use alcohol in the future through the mediating mechanisms of developing attitudes and norms. Children in 1 st through 5 th grades (N = 1,049) from a Western Oregon community participated in a longitudinal study involving four annual assessments. Hostility and sociability were assessed by teachers= ratings at the first assessment, and attitudes, subjective norms and intentions were assessed by self-report at all four assessments. For both genders, latent growth modeling demonstrated that sociability predicted an increase in intentions to use alcohol over time, whereas hostility predicted initial levels of these intentions. These personality effects were mediated by the development of attitudes and subjective norms, supporting a model wherein childhood personality traits exert their influence on the development of intentions to use alcohol through the development of these more proximal cognitions. KeywordsPersonality; children; alcohol intentions; attitudes; subjective norms Alcohol is a widely accepted and licit substance that children as young as 3 years old can recognize (Spiegler, 1983). Early use by children and adolescents is associated with adult alcohol abuse (Grant & Dawson, 1997;Newcomb & Bentler, 1988). Although there has been considerable research on contextual, family and peer influences (Andrews, Hops & Duncan, 1997;Andrews, Hops, Tildesley & Li, 2002;Brook, Whiteman, Nomura, Gordon, & Cohen, 1988;Duncan, Duncan, & Hops, 1994; Patterson, Reid, & Dishion, 1992), there has been less examination of the influence of young children's personality traits and cognitions on the development of alcohol use (Tarter, 1988;Tarter et al., 1999). In the present study, we examined whether the influence of two personality traits, hostility and sociability, on the development of intentions regarding future alcohol use was mediated by attitudes and subjective norms. Both traits were assessed by teacher's ratings. Hostility was defined as physical and relational aggression, and associating with misbehaving children; sociability was defined as a combination of social competence, energy, and popularity. This model was tested on a community sample of young children participating in an ongoing longitudinal study, the Oregon Youth Substance Use Project (OYSUP; Andrews, Tildesley, Hops, Duncan, & Severson, 2003;Severson, Andrews, & Walker, 2003). The data reported Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Sarah E. Hampson, Ph.D., Oregon Research Institute, 1715 Franklin Blvd., Eugene, Oregon, 94703-1983. E-mail: sarah@ori.org. . here are from the first four years of the project following children from the 1 st through the 5 th grade until they were in the 4 th through the 8 th grade. Although few children in 1 st through 8 th grades have experimented with alcohol, during this period they develop intentions regarding their future use of alcohol. NIH Public Ac...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality predictors of the development of elementary school children's intentions to drink alcohol: The mediating effects of attitudes and subjective norms.

Hampson¹,

Andrews²,

Barckley³

et al. 2006

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Smoking and alcohol use have both been documented to begin and escalate in adolescence (Chassin, Presson, Rose, & Sherman, 1996;Chen & Kandel, 1995). Dietary and exercise habits often originate in childhood, but are established more permanently during adolescence (Cohen, Brownell, & Felix, 1990). In addition, sexual behavior is typically initiated in adolescence (Katchadourian, 1990).…”

Section: Health Behaviors That Develop In Adolescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent health psychology.

Williams¹,

Holmbeck²,

Greenley³

2002

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

254

184

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this article, a biopsychosocial model of adolescent development is used as an organizing framework for a review of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention research with adolescent populations. During adolescence many critical health behaviors emerge, affecting future disease outcomes in adulthood. In addition, most of the predominant causes of morbidity and mortality in adolescence are unique to this period of development, indicating that health-focused interventions must be tailored specifically to adolescents. Moreover, it is during adolescence that lifelong patterns of self-management of and adjustment to chronic health conditions are established. Thus, an increased focus on adolescence in health psychology research is important both to improve the health of adolescents per se and to optimize health trajectories into adulthood.Adolescence has historically been a developmental period of relative neglect with respect to research on both mental and physical health intervention and outcome. Perhaps such neglect has occurred because, from a health perspective, morbidity and mortality rates are quite low during adolescence compared with other developmental periods (Holden & Nitz, 1995). However, as we argue in this article, adolescence is a pivotal period of development with respect to health and illness. First, it is during adolescence that many positive health behaviors (e.g., diet and exercise) are consolidated and important health risk behaviors (e.g., smoking, alcohol and drug use, and unsafe sexual practices) are first evident; thus, adolescence is a logical time period for primary prevention intervention. Second, the predominant causes of morbidity and mortality in adolescence are quite different from adults, indicating that early identification and treatment of adolescent health problems must be directed toward a unique set of targets in this age group. Moreover, because of the particular developmental issues that characterize adolescence, intervention efforts designed for adults are often inappropriate or ineffective in an adolescent population. Finally, even when chronic illnesses are congenital or begin in childhood (e.g., spina bifida, Type 1 diabetes), the manner in which the transition from childhood to adolescence to young adulthood is negotiated has important implications for disease outcomes throughout the remainder of the life span.Given the unique developmental challenges of adolescence, we argue that an effective and theoretically sound approach to adolescent health psychology research and treatment must be firmly grounded in a developmental framework. We present a biopsychosocial model of adolescent development as one such framework that can inform primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention research and interventions targeting adolescents. This article is organized around the three levels of health-related prevention as they apply to adolescence. Within these levels, we include discussion of the adolescent-focused aspects of what Smith and Ruiz (1999) characterize as the predominant res...

show abstract

“…Health behavior is currently considered as one of the key factors in promoting both physical and mental health (Steptoe, Wardle, 2004). Habits like dietary behavior and exercise begin in childhood but are established more permanently during adolescence (Cohen, Brownell, & Felix, 1990). Health-related behavior has been linked not only to health outcomes but also to optimism as their predictor (Yarcheski, Mahon, & Yarcheski, 2004;Dosedlová et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Optimism and Health-Related Behavior with Mental Health in Czech Adolescents

Klimusová¹,

Burešová²,

Dosedlová³

et al. 2016

European Proceedings of Social &Amp; Behavioural Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dispositional optimism is a psychological trait associated with both physical and mental health in adults. Less is known about the associations between optimism and health among adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dispositional optimism, health-related behavior and mental health among Czech adolescents. Further on, the effect of gender and age (early vs. late adolescence) on mental health levels was explored. Instruments: short form of the Mental Health Continuum (MHC-SF); Health Behaviours Scale; Life Orientation Test -Revised (LOT-R). Sample: 1376 Czech adolescents aged 11-19 (M = 15.9; SD = 2.3), 56.8% females. Statistical analysis: Hierarchical multiple regression analysis with three sets of predictors. The first set of predictors (age and gender) explained 7.3% of variance in MHC-SF scores; the second set of predictors -LOT-R optimism and pessimism scores -explained another 25% of variance; and the third set of predictors (health-related behaviors) explained additional 16.3% of variance. The final model explained 48.6% of variance in mental health among adolescents. Dimensions of dispositional optimism turned out to be the strongest set of predictors of positive mental health in adolescents, while health behavior components predicted the mental health levels to a lesser extent. Gender and age were also significant predictors of mental health, with boys and younger adolescents scoring higher.

show abstract

Age and sex differences in health habits and beliefs of schoolchildren.

Cited by 71 publications

References 30 publications

Personality predictors of the development of elementary school children's intentions to drink alcohol: The mediating effects of attitudes and subjective norms.

Personality predictors of the development of elementary school children's intentions to drink alcohol: The mediating effects of attitudes and subjective norms.

Adolescent health psychology.

Association of Optimism and Health-Related Behavior with Mental Health in Czech Adolescents

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About