Age and myopia associated optical coherence tomography of retina and choroid in pediatric eyes

Abstract

Purpose:To evaluate the association between retinal and choroidal thickness and volume along with choroidal vessel volume in children using optical coherence tomography (OCT) images.Methods:113 normal eyes of children ranging from 5-17 years of age were imaged with a clinical OCT scanner (Optovue Inc., Fremont, USA). The retina, choroid and choroidal vessels were automatically segmented with algorithms. Parameters evaluated were thickness and volume. Location specific analyses of thickness were also performed at a distance of 2.5 mm from foveal center. Multivariate analyses of variance were used to analyze the effect of age and myopia. Manual segmentation of the fovea and subfoveal choroid thickness was also performed to compare with the algorithm segmentation.Results:There was excellent agreement between manual and automatic segmentation (intra-class correlation of 0.95). Within the same eye, total retinal and choroid thickness of nasal and temporal location were significantly lower than the superior and inferior thickness (P < 0.0001). With age (P = 0.026) and myopia (P < 0.001), foveal thickness increased. Choroid volume, vessel volume and temporal choroid thickness increased with increasing myopia (P < 0.05). There was significant positive correlation between choroid volume and retinal volume (r = 0.62, P < 0.0001), choroid volume and vessel volume (r = 0.48, P < 0.0001), and with foveal thickness (r = 0.31, P = 0.009). Choroid vessel volume also showed significant positive correlations with the other metrics (P < 0.05).Conclusion:Retinal and choroidal structural features were quantified simultaneously from OCT images. Magnitude of myopia had a greater effect on retino-choroid features than age in children.

Short-Term Effects of Atropine 0.01% on the Structure and Vasculature of the Choroid and Retina in Myopic Chinese Children

“…In the present study, the range of RT within the ETDRS grids corroborated earlier studies, and the RT exhibited topographic variations among different regions and quadrants [29,37]. Previous studies reported that RT was observed to increase with age [38,39]. Our study showed that baseline RT of three ETDRS areas and baseline overall average RT increased with age as well, although the difference was neither clinically nor statistically significant.…”

Myopia in India

“…In an observation on 5–17-year-old children, Matalia et al noted relatively increasing choroidal thicknesses and its volume with increasing myopia. 100 And under such necessities, swept-source optical coherence tomography seems to be more reliable for choroidal imaging due to its deeper penetrating abilities. 101 Overall, the tool could be of any kind, but the intention should be directed towards the identification of vision-threatening changes at the earliest.…”

In vivo analysis of ciliary muscle in myopic Chinese young adults using ArcScan Insight® 100

“…19 Both play an important role in the aetiology of myopia. 20,21 Chen et al 22 showed thinning of the choroid in myopic patients. However, until recently, no study has attempted concurrent measurements of the CM and choroid, or an evaluation of their relationship in myopic eyes.…”

“…It is widely known that the CM and the choroid are the anterior and posterior parts of the uvea, respectively, 18 while the pars plana of the CM is attached to the anterior choroid 19 . Both play an important role in the aetiology of myopia 20,21 . Chen et al 22 showed thinning of the choroid in myopic patients.…”