Age and gender differences in spatial perspective taking

Zancada-Menendez, C.; Sampedro-Piquero, Patricia; López, Laudino; McNamara, Timothy P.

doi:10.1007/s40520-015-0399-z

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…In our study, gender differences emerged in the performance of the PTSOT, a psychometric test for assessing gender differences in perspective-taking and in the ability to make egocentric spatial transformations (Kozhevnikov and Hegarty, 2001; Hegarty and Waller, 2004). Our results support previous studies in which women had a poorer performance on the PTSOT than men (Meneghetti et al, 2012; Zancada-Menendez et al, 2016). As in the case of our work, these studies considered the degrees of error for establishing comparisons between sexes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Memory for Object Location in Augmented Reality: The Role of Gender and the Relationship Among Spatial and Anxiety Outcomes

Munoz-Montoya

Fidalgo

Juan

et al. 2019

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The potential of augmented reality (AR) technology for the study of spatial memory and orientation is a new research field. AR defines systems that attempt to enhance the user’s experience with the physical world. In our app, we enhance the sense of sight by adding interactive 3D elements to the real environment. Our app can be used in any real environment so that the experimental conditions during the tasks and the way in which an individual navigates are similar to those used in real life. With AR, the experimenter has a high level of control of the task and can store the participant’s responses accurately. The classical factors that influence an individual’s performance on virtual spatial tasks are gender and cognitive factors. The influence of emotional factors on spatial performance has been studied more recently. Since AR tasks for the study of spatial memory and spatial orientation are new developments, little is known about the factors that are related to performance on tasks of this type. In our study, we tested 46 young adults (26 women) in an AR object-location task that was performed in a building. The participants had to memorize the position of eight virtual objects while they were walking through the environment. We also assessed the participants’ performance on an object-recall task, a map-pointing task, and a paper-and-pencil spatial orientation task. The self-reported importance of different spatial strategies for wayfinding and the levels of trait anxiety and wayfinding anxiety were also evaluated. Our findings indicate that men performed better on the spatial paper-and-pencil test and spent more time completing the learning phase of the AR task. The spatial memory for the location of the objects in AR and on the map correlated positively. Anxiety was related to individual differences in the self-reported use of a spatial orientation strategy, but the association among them was weak. Trait anxiety was positively related to the time employed by the participants during the learning phase of the AR task, whereas wayfinding anxiety correlated negatively with the preference for an orientation strategy. Our results highlight the importance of anxiety in spatial orientation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Memory for Object Location in Augmented Reality: The Role of Gender and the Relationship Among Spatial and Anxiety Outcomes

Munoz-Montoya

Fidalgo

Juan

et al. 2019

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Among these eight participants, women were largely over-represented (87%), which was not the case in the other two groups (profiles 1 and 2). This is in line with studies showing that men are better able to make perspective changes (Zancada-Menendez et al, 2016).…”

Section: Performance At the Route Learning Tasksupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Moreover, according to the multivariate analysis, the second variable predicting performance on route retracing (after route repetition) was the pointing task, which evaluated the knowledge of the environment's configuration, independent of the subject's point of view (allocentric). These results support the hypothesis that the realisation of route retracing involves an allocentric representation (Wiener et al, 2012(Wiener et al, , 2019Zancada-Menendez et al, 2016) based on survey knowledge (van Asselen, Kessels, et al, 2006) that allows the integration of two different perspectives (forward-backward).…”

Section: Performance At Spatial Knowledge Taskssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…In this study, we sought to identify the cognitive mechanisms involved in this task and to better understand the strategy used in a specific population of elderly subjects, in whom contradictory results have been observed when performing this task. Furthermore, to our knowledge, the few studies that have focused on route retracing in the elderly (Allison & Head, 2017; Barrash, 1994; Karimpur et al, 2016; Wiener et al, 2012, 2019; Zancada‐Menendez, Sampedro‐Piquero, Lopez, & McNamara, 2016) did not incorporate a measure of cognitive functions. This is why we have proposed a protocol composed of a route learning task, supplemented by standard cognitive tests and tasks assessing spatial knowledge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, a given decision point can be perceived and encoded from a multitude of perspectives, throughout the route, depending on where the subject's attention is focused. Moreover, it has been shown that integrating different perspectives improves the construction of a survey-type representation in adults (Golledge, Ruggles, Pellegrino, & Gale, 1993) and elderly subjects (Zancada-Menendez et al, 2016).…”

Section: Route Retracingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial navigation: Cognitive variables involved in route retracing among an elderly population

Jacob

Rainville

Trognon

et al. 2020

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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The cognitive processes involved in route retracing are not well known. This study aims to highlight them in an elderly population in which contradictory results have been obtained, certain studies showing specific difficulties for route retracing, others not. Thirty-nine elderly subjects performed a route-learning task (forward-backward) in a garden, then completed spatial knowledge tasks and standardised cognitive tests. Results show four factors that were predictive of route retracing performance: route repetition, the pointing task, and two standardised cognitive tests, one assessing spatial working memory, and another global cognitive efficiency. According to these results, route retracing involves route and survey knowledge (i.e., egocentric and allocentric strategy), and the integration of forward-backward perspectives is underpinned by the spatial working memory. Moreover, the subjects did not make more errors in route retracing than in the route repetition task, suggesting that a real environment could compensate for a failing allocentric strategy.

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Between-sex variability of resting state functional brain networks in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

et al. 2021

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The organization of brain functional connectivity (FC) has been shown to differ between sexes. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by sexual dimorphism, showing sex-specific trends in site of onset, phenotypes, and prognosis. Here, we explored resting state (RS) FC differences within major large-scale functional networks between women and men in a sample of ALS patients, in comparison to healthy controls (HCs). A group-level independent component analysis (ICA) was performed on RS-fMRI time-series enabling spatial and spectral analyses of large-scale RS FC networks in 45 patients with ALS (20 F; 25 M) and 31 HCs (15 F; 16 M) with a focus on sex-related differences. A whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was also performed to highlight atrophy differences. Between-sex comparisons showed: decreased FC in the right middle frontal gyrus and in the precuneus within the default mode network (DMN), in affected men compared to affected women; decreased FC in the right post-central gyrus (sensorimotor network), in the right inferior parietal gyrus (right fronto-parietal network) and increased FC in the anterior cingulate cortex and right insula (salience network), in both affected and non-affected men compared to women. When comparing affected men to affected women, VBM analysis revealed atrophy in men in the right lateral occipital cortex. Our results suggest that in ALS sex-related trends of brain functional and structural changes are more heavily represented in DMN and in the occipital cortex, suggesting that sex is an additional dimension of functional and structural heterogeneity in ALS.

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Age and gender differences in spatial perspective taking

Abstract: The present findings showed the relevance of the degree perspective change in visuo-spatial abilities, especially in the older group. In relation with the gender, males outperformed females; however, the interaction gender × age did not show significant differences.

Cited by 32 publications

References 52 publications

Memory for Object Location in Augmented Reality: The Role of Gender and the Relationship Among Spatial and Anxiety Outcomes

Memory for Object Location in Augmented Reality: The Role of Gender and the Relationship Among Spatial and Anxiety Outcomes

Spatial navigation: Cognitive variables involved in route retracing among an elderly population

Between-sex variability of resting state functional brain networks in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

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