Our imaging data revealed that patients with migraine with aura exhibit an altered resting-state visual network connectivity. These results support the hypothesis of an extrastriate cortex involvement, centred in the lingual gyrus, a brain region related to mechanisms underlying the initiation and propagation of the migraine aura. This resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging finding may represent a functional biomarker that could differentiate patients experiencing the aura phenomenon from patients with migraine without aura, even between migraine attacks.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The extensive application of advanced MR imaging techniques to the study of ALS has undoubtedly improved our knowledge of disease pathophysiology, even if the actual spread of the neurodegenerative process throughout the central nervous system is not fully understood. The present study aimed to detect WM patterns of microstructural abnormalities to better investigate the pathologic process in ALS, within but also beyond CSTs, in a whole-brain analysis.

Our data demonstrate a disrupted executive control network functional connectivity in patients with migraine with and without aura, in the interictal period. Although this functional phenomenon is present in the absence of clinically relevant executive deficits, it may reflect a vulnerability to executive high-demanding conditions of daily living activities in patients with migraine.

Fatigue is associated to a widespread microstructural NAWM damage, particularly in associative tracts connected to frontal lobes.

Fatigue in RRMS is mainly associated to a functional rearrangement of non-motor RS networks.