Age and gender associated changes in immunoglobulin subclass levels specific to S. pneumoniae, serotype 1

Knežević, Sanja; Kosanovic, Dejana; Dragačević, Luka; Živković, Irena; Ilić, Vesna; Hajduković, Ljiljana; Savić, Olivera; Minić, Rajna

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101834

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, naturally acquired IgG against a few pneumococcal serotypes are higher in adult human females compared to males (74,75). For pneumococcal vaccines, most studies in adults have been done with PPSV, with opposing reports showing sex-based differences in IgG levels that were higher either in males or females (26,28,30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In non-vaccinated adults (ages 18-65), naturally acquired IgM against polysaccharides across several pneumococcal serotypes, including serotype 4 that we focused on in this study, were reported to be higher in females compared to males (74). Similarly, naturally acquired IgG against a few pneumococcal serotypes are higher in adult human females compared to males (74, 75). For pneumococcal vaccines, most studies in adults have been done with PPSV, with opposing reports showing sex-based differences in IgG levels that were higher either in males or females (26, 28, 30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex-based difference in immune responses and efficacy of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Tchalla,

Betadpur,

Khalil

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Vaccine-mediated protection and susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) infections are influenced by biological sex. The incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease remains higher in males compared to females even after the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV). However, sex-based differences in the immune response to this conjugate vaccine remain unexplored. To investigate those differences, we vaccinated adult male and female mice with PCV and assessed cellular and humoral immune responses. Compared to females, male mice displayed lower levels of T follicular helper cells, germinal center B cells and plasmablasts, which are all required for antibody production following vaccination. This was linked to lower IgG and IgM levels against pneumococci and lower isotype switching to IgG3 in vaccinated males. Additionally, sera of vaccinated male mice had lower efficacy in several anti-pneumococcal functions including neutralization of bacterial binding to pulmonary epithelial cells as well as direct cytotoxicity against S. pneumoniae. Importantly, while the vaccine was highly protective in females, vaccinated males succumbed to infection more readily and were more susceptible to both lung-localized infection and systemic spread following S. pneumoniae challenge. These findings identify sex-based differences in immune responses to PCV that can inform future vaccine strategies.

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