Ag Powders Consolidated by Reciprocating Extrusion (CEC)

Richert, M.; Richert, J.; Hotloś, A.; Pałka, P.; Pachla, W.; Perek-Nowak, Małgorzata

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.667-669.145

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Scientists are researching various environmentally friendly products according to the stringent environmental regulations as per restriction of hazardous Substances (rohS) and waste electrical and electronic equipment (weee) directive [11,12]. Silver tin oxide (agSnO 2 ) and silver-zinc oxide (agZnO) have emerged as promising alternatives as a substitute for agCdO [5,15] and silver graphite (agC) [13,14]. yet, agSnO 2 contact materials have poor conduct at high temperatures, poor workability and high contact resistance due to the coalescence of SnO 2 on the ag matrix surface [16].…”

Section: Porosity Lowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

Kumar

Senthil

Parameshwaran

et al. 2021

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Fabrication oF a novel Silver-baSed electrical contact compoSiteS and aSSeSSment oF itS mechanical and electrical propertieS the electrical contactors play a crucial role in closing the circuit in many power distribution components like overhead lines, underground cables, circuit breakers, transformers, and control systems. the failure in these components mainly occurs due to the break-down of contactors due to the continuous opening and closing action of contacts. Silver (ag)-based oxide contact materials are widely used in practice, among which silver tin oxide (agSnO 2 ) is most common. an attempt is made in increasing the performance of agSnO 2 , by adding tungsten Oxide (wO 3 ) in various weight proportions, thus finding the optimal proportion of agSnO 2 wO 3 to have increased mechanical and electrical performances. all the composite samples are fabricated in-house using powder metallurgy process. the assessment of physical and electrical properties namely, density, hardness, porosity, and electrical conductivity, showed that 90%ag-8.5%SnO 2 -1.5%wO 3 composite yielded superior results. with help of morphological tests, wear characteristics are also investigated, which showed that 90%ag-8.5%SnO 2 -1.5%wO 3 composite has a wear coefficient of 0.000227 and a coefficient of friction of 0.174 at an optimized load of 10 n and sliding velocity of 0.5 mm/s.

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Section: Porosity Lowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

Kumar

Senthil

Parameshwaran

et al. 2021

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“…Microstructure refinement is also possible using a combination of different SPD methods and their sequential combining, such as CEC + HE [15] or ECAP + HE [16]. Combination of SPD processes or combination of SPD and conventional plastic deformation process allows to receive new properties of material [15,16]. Additionally such way of deformation creates the possibility of producing useful products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently the hydrostatic extrusion method (HE) has been used for producing UFG metals [13,14]. Microstructure refinement is also possible using a combination of different SPD methods and their sequential combining, such as CEC + HE [15] or ECAP + HE [16]. Combination of SPD processes or combination of SPD and conventional plastic deformation process allows to receive new properties of material [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect Of Severe Plastic Deformation On Microstructure Evolution Of Pure Aluminium

Leszczyńska-Madej¹,

Richert²,

Perek-Nowak³

2015

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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Processes of severe plastic deformation (SPD) are defined as a group of metalworking techniques in which a very large plastic strain is imposed on a bulk material in order to make an ultra-fine grained metal. The present study attempts to apply Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP), Hydrostatic Extrusion (HE) and combination of ECAP and HE to 99.5% pure aluminium. ECAP process was realized at room temperature for 16 passes through route Bc using a die having an angle of 90• . Hydrostatic extrusion process was performed with cumulative strain of 2.68 to attain finally wire diameter of d = 3 mm. The microstructure of the samples was investigated by means of transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the microhardness was measured and statistical analysis of the grains and subgrains was performed. Based on Kikuchi diffraction patterns misorientation was determined. The measured grain/subgrain size show, that regardless the mode of deformation process (ECAP, HE or combination of ECAP and HE processes), grain size is maintained at a similar level -equal to d = 0.55-0.59 µm. A combination of ECAP and HE has achieved better properties than either single process and show to be a promising procedure for manufacturing bulk UFG aluminium.

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“…Highly refined structure of metallic materials can also be achieved due to cyclic extrusion/compression (CEC) procedure [21][22], however, CEC is not practically usable method for the large-scale production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver Matrix Composite Reinforced by Aluminium-Silver Intermetallic Phases

Włoch

Skrzekut

Sobota

et al. 2017

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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Silver and aluminum powders (82 mass % Ag and 18 mass % Al) were mixed and hot extruded at 673 K with extrusion ratio λ = 25. Performed X-ray diffraction analysis of as extruded rod revealed the development of Ag 3 Al and Ag 2 Al-type intermetallic phases. Structural observations and both chemical and diffraction analysis of structural components confirmed the growth of mentioned phases in the vicinity of elementary Al and Ag granules. No pores or voids were observed in the material. Mechanical properties of the composite, UTS = 490MPa, YS = 440 MPa, HV2 = 136, were relatively high if compared to commercial Ag and Cu products. Hot compression tests pointed to the good hot workability of the composite at deformation temperature range 473 K -773 K.The differential scanning calorimetry tests were performed in order to estimate structural processes during heating of Ag/ Al composite that lead to thermodynamically stable liquid state. It was found that characteristic temperature of three endothermic peaks correspond to (1) peritectoid transformation μ-Ag 3 Al → ζ-Ag 2 Al + (Ag), (2) the eutectic melting ζ-Ag 2 Al + (Al) → L, (3) melting of the ζ-Ag 2 Al phase.The Vickers hardness of the samples annealed at 673 K, for the time range up to 6900 minutes, was also determined. It was concluded that mutual diffusion of elements between Ag and Al granules and the growth of μ-Ag 3 Al and ζ-Ag 2 Al grains during annealing at 673 K result in a slight hardening of the composite.

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Ag Powders Consolidated by Reciprocating Extrusion (CEC)

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

Effect Of Severe Plastic Deformation On Microstructure Evolution Of Pure Aluminium

Silver Matrix Composite Reinforced by Aluminium-Silver Intermetallic Phases

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