Ag−Co₃O₄ @ Nr GO Material Synthesized by One‐pot Hydrothermal Method for Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Detection of Enzyme‐mimetic Electrochemical Immunosensor

Abstract

A high‐sensitivity carcinoembryonic antigen immunosensor was successfully prepared via a one‐step hydrothermal method, wherein nitrogen‐doped graphene oxide (Nr GO) loaded Ag and Co3O4 nanomaterials were synthesized using ammonia as the nitrogen source. Doping nitrogen atoms into the graphene structure forms a new type of N‐type semiconductor with an increased number of graphene layers and more active sites for bonding with chemicals, thereby providing excellent in biocompatibility and good electrical conductivity. The electrical signal of the sensor is further amplified due to the good catalytic effect of Co3O4 and Ag NPs on H2O2. The signal probe requires neither pretreatment nor acid treatment, and can be easy to loaded with metal‐immobilized antibodies, which greatly simplifies the detection step not shorten the detection time. The sensor has good sensitivity to detecting carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and can easily operate, and requires mild reaction conditions. Under optimal experimental conditions, the linear range of the sensor is 0.001–200 ng ⋅ mL−1, the detection limit is 0.18 pg ⋅ mL−1, and the linear correlation coefficient is 0.991, which can be used for CEA determination of the actual sample.

Reagentless and sensitive determination of carcinoembryonic antigen based on a stable Prussian blue modified electrode

“…Comparison between detection of CEA using different immunosensor is provided in Table S1. † The LOD is lower than those obtained using Ab/Ag 2 S@ZnO/AuNPs, 26 Ab/chitosan-AuNPs/GCE, 27 Ab/chitosan glutaraldehyde, 28 TiO 2 -AuNPscarbon paste electrode, 29 or Ab/AuNPs/Au electrode, 30 but higher than that obtained from Ab/Ag-Co 3 O 4 @N-doped graphene oxide/GCE, 31 or Ab/polyethyleneimine/AuNPs@Naon/ K 3 Fe(CN) 6 @chitosan/GCE. 32 In comparison with other technologies, our electrochemical sensing is attractive because of high sensitivity, no need of bulky instrumentation and easy operation.…”

Recent advancement in sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen using nanomaterials based immunosensors

“…Moreover, AgNMs also have unique physical and chemical properties such as large surface to volume ratio, high electronic conductivity, high chemical stability, large catalytic activity and excellent biocompatibility [99,101,131]. Thus, due to these unique properties AgNMs have been widely employed in medical and healthcare [132].…”

“…Thus, due to these unique properties AgNMs have been widely employed in medical and healthcare [132]. Likewise, application of AgNMs and ZnMn2O4@rGO DPV 0.01 to 50 ng/mL 1.93 pg/mL [24] GNP-MnO2/Fe3O4@Au LSV and EIS 0.001 to 100 ng/mL 0.10 pg/mL (LSV) 0.30 pg/mL (EIS) [133] Ag-Co3O4@NrGO DPV 0.001 to 200 ng/mL 0.18 pg/mL [99] rGO/GCE CV and EIS 0.1 to 5 ng/mL 0.05 ng/mL [106] Au@SiO2/Cu2O CA 0.01 pg/mL to 80 ng/mL 0.0038 pg/mL [130] Ag/MoS2/rGO AC impedance 0.01 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL 1.6 fg/mL [134] PB@PDA NPs PEC 0.001 to 100 ng/mL 54.9 fg/mL [135] Abbreviations: Au@PtPd MPs, mulberry-like Au@PtPd porous nanorods; Ag/g-C3N4/Au@SiO2/Cu2O, Ag modified 2D aminated nitrogen carbide nanosheets with AuSiO2/Cu2O; GNP-MnO2/ Fe3O4@Au, manganese dioxide on graphene nanoplatelets with core-shell Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles; and PB@PDA NPs, polydopamine (PDA)-coated Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles.…”

“…their composites has greatly increased in the biosensor and immunosensors as part of strategies for the accurate and sensitive detection of the disease biomarkers including CEA[99,100,102]. For example, Wang et al, used Ag-CoFe2O4-GO nanocomposite to modify Examples of PtNMs, CNMs, AuNMs and AgNMs incorporated in the development of immunosensors.…”

An Electrochemical Immunosensor for Sensitive Detection of the Tumor Marker Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Based on Three-Dimensional Porous Nanoplatinum/Graphene

“…The sensitive detection of low levels of CEA in serum is of great clinical significance in assessing tumor status and therapeutic efficiency, as well as in the early clinical diagnosis of tumor. To date, different strategies have been used to measure CEA, such as radioimmunoassay [12], chemiluminescence analysis [13], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [14,15], and electrochemistry [16,17]. Among these methods, electrochemical immunosensors [18,19] have attracted considerable attention due to their distinct advantages, such as high selectivity, fast response, low sample requirements, miniaturization, and excellent sensitivity [20][21][22][23].…”