“…Secondly, research tend to examine risk factors (or occupational stressors) related to the working and living environment aboard vessels which contribute to poor MH [9]. These include long-term separation from home, fatigue and work intensification [10,11], multinational crewing, social isolation [12], ill-treatment, poor life-work balance, job insecurity, criminalization of seafaring activities, working in constrained space, bullying, piracy [13][14][15], lack of shore leave, short port stay, HIV/AIDS [16] or in general terms psychosocial and psychophysical stress [17][18][19][20].…”