After the Grand Fracture: Scenarios for the Collapse of the International Drug Control Regime

Caulkins, Jonathan P.

doi:10.1515/jdpa-2015-0008

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Sooner or later, ignoring powerful market forces exacts harsh costs. The value of the global illicit drug market for 2003 was estimated [5] at US$322 billion. While the accuracy of this and other estimates has been challenged, there is little doubt that the global drug market is impressively large and immensely profitable.…”

Section: From Failed Global Drug Prohibition To Regulating the Drug Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That makes it effectively impossible for one jurisdiction to prohibit a drug that an adjacent jurisdiction allows companies to legally produce and sell. In an age of international air travel and containerized cargo the externalities extend beyond near neighbors, making it hard to keep out a drug that any other country anywhere on the planet has legalized for commercial production [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Variation in cannabis potency and prices in a newly legal market: evidence from 30 million cannabis sales in Washington state

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims To (1) assess trends and variation in the market share of product types and potency sold in a legal cannabis retail market, and (2) estimate how potency and purchase quantity influence price variation for cannabis flower. Design Secondary analysis of publicly available data from Washington State’s cannabis traceability system spanning July 7, 2014 to September 30, 2016. Descriptive statistics and linear regressions assessed variation and trends in cannabis product variety and potency. Hedonic regressions estimated how purchase quantity and potency influence cannabis flower price variation. Setting Washington State, USA. Participants (1) 44,482,176 million cannabis purchases, including (2) 31,052,123 cannabis flower purchases after trimming price and quantity outliers. Measurements Primary outcome measures were (1) monthly expenditures on cannabis, total delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration, and cannabidiol (CBD) concentration by product type; and (2) excise-tax-inclusive price per gram of cannabis flower. Key covariates for the hedonic price regressions included quantity purchased, THC, and CBD. Findings Traditional cannabis flowers still account for the majority of spending (66.6%), but the market share of extracts for inhalation increased by 145.8% between October 2014 and September 2016, now composing 21.2% of sales. The average THC-level for cannabis extracts is more than triple that for cannabis flowers (68.7% compared to 20.6%). For flower products, there is a statistically significant relationship between price per gram and both THC [coefficient = 0.012; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.011 to 0.013] and CBD [coefficient = 0.017; CI = 0.015 to 0.019]. The estimated discount elasticity is −0.06 [CI = −0.07 to −0.05]. Conclusions In the state of Washington, USA, the legal cannabis market is currently dominated by high-THC cannabis flower, and features growing expenditures on extracts. For cannabis flower, both THC and CBD are associated with higher per-gram prices, and there are small but significant quantity discounts.

show abstract

Section: From Failed Global Drug Prohibition To Regulating the Drug Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in cannabis potency and prices in a newly legal market: evidence from 30 million cannabis sales in Washington state

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This study focuses on the two primary targets of international counter-drug interventions: cocaine and heroin. These two drugs are produced in specific geographical areas-cocaine in the Andean region, and heroin in Southwest Asia-and typically need to cross multiple borders before reaching consumer markets (Caulkins 2015). This makes interdiction a key drug supply reduction strategy.…”

Section: The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Interdicting International Drug Trafficking: a Network Approach for Coordinated and Targeted Interventions

Giommoni

Berlusconi

Aziani

2021

Eur J Crim Policy Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is a relative dearth of literature on both the effects of cross-border interdictions and the impact of different types of interventions on international drug trafficking. This study identifies the main trafficking routes for cocaine and heroin, along with comparing the disruptive effects induced by targeted and non-coordinated interventions. It adopts a social network approach to identify the routes along which cocaine and heroin are trafficked, and then simulates the impact of different interdiction strategies on these two trafficking networks. The findings indicate that targeting countries based on their respective positions in the networks, as opposed to on the basis of the quantity of drugs exchanged, is more likely to disrupt drug flows. More specifically, concentrating law enforcement resources on countries with several incoming or outgoing trafficking connections, or those countries that mediate between producer, transit and consumer countries, would appear to be particularly effective in this regard. Interventions focused on specific trafficking routes are also likely to be effective if these routes have high edge betweenness centrality scores. This study contributes to extant understanding on the vulnerability of cocaine and heroin international trafficking networks, and, moreover, demonstrates that empirically-driven strategies are potentially more effective at interdicting international trafficking than non-strategic and non-coordinated interventions.

show abstract

“…Illicit drugs, especially heroin and cocaine, travel across multiple borders before reaching consumer markets (Caulkins, 2015). Although, in principle, drug traffickers have a plethora of suitable routes through which to move illicit drugs, in actuality, drug trafficking is concentrated along specific routes, as countries generally have a limited number of trading partners (Boivin, 2013(Boivin, , 2014a; European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction [EMCDDA] & EUROPOL, 2013; United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime [UNODC], 2015d).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Do Illicit Drugs Move Across Countries? A Network Analysis of the Heroin Supply to Europe

Giommoni

Aziani

Berlusconi

2016

Journal of Drug Issues

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Illicit drugs are trafficked across manifold borders before ultimately reaching consumers. Consequently, interdiction of cross-border drug trafficking forms a critical component of the European Union's initiative to reduce drug supplies. However, there is contradictory evidence about its effectiveness, which is due, in part, to a paucity of information about how drugs flow across borders. This study uses a network approach to analyze international drug trafficking both to and within Europe, drawing on several perspectives to delineate the factors that affect how drug shipments move across borders. The analysis explicates how drug trafficking is concentrated along specific routes; moreover, we demonstrate that its structure is not random but, rather, driven by specific factors. In particular, corruption and social and geographical proximity are key factors explaining the configuration of heroin supply to European countries. This study also provides essential insights into the disruption of traffickers' illicit activities.

show abstract

After the Grand Fracture: Scenarios for the Collapse of the International Drug Control Regime

Abstract: legalize, that could dramatically alter supply conditions in Europe and Russia by producing covert smuggling networks similar to those currently existing on the U.S.-Mexico border.

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Variation in cannabis potency and prices in a newly legal market: evidence from 30 million cannabis sales in Washington state

Variation in cannabis potency and prices in a newly legal market: evidence from 30 million cannabis sales in Washington state

Interdicting International Drug Trafficking: a Network Approach for Coordinated and Targeted Interventions

How Do Illicit Drugs Move Across Countries? A Network Analysis of the Heroin Supply to Europe

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About