After the crash: Psychological assessment and treatment of survivors of motor vehicle accidents (2nd ed.).

Abstract

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Psychophysiological Assessment of Youthful Motor Vehicle Accident Survivors

“…In youthful MVA survivors the value ranges from 8 to 25% based on several large-scale studies (Aaron et al, 1999;DeVries et al, 1999;Ehlers et al, 2003;Keppel-Benson et al, 2002). Further, as in the adult population (Blanchard & Hickling, 2004) there is evidence of spontaneous remission of PTSD and PTSD symptoms in over half of youthful MVA survivors over the year following the MVA (DiGallo et al, 1997;Ehlers et al, 2003;Mirza et al, 1998;Stallard et al, 1998).…”

“…There is a well-developed literature on the assessment and psychological treatment of PTSD in adult MVA survivors (for a summary of this adult literature see Blanchard & Hickling, 2004). The literature on assessment of possible PTSD in youthful MVA survivors is more limited but several moderate-sized cross-sectional studies (Aaron, Zaglul, & Emery, 1999;DeVries, Kassam-Adams, Canaan, et al, 1999;Ellis, Stores, & Mayou, 1998;KeppelBenson, Ollendick, & Benson, 2002) and prospective longitudinal studies (Daviss, Mooney, Racusin, et al, 2000;DiGallo, Barton, Parry-Jones, 1997;Ehlers, Mayou, & Bryant, 2003;Mirza, Bhadrinath, Goodyer, & Gilmour, 1998;Stallard, Velleman, & Baldwin, 1998) have appeared over the past few years.…”

“…There are over 3 million Americans of all ages injured in MVAs in the USA each year (USDOT, 2002); the best estimate is that about one quarter of these MVA survivors will meet criteria acutely for PTSD (Ehlers, Mayou, et al, 1998) and that one-third of those acute cases will persist for at least a year (Blanchard & Hickling, 2004).…”

“…For example, the rate of PTSD in adult and youthful MVA survivors appears to be similar. Blanchard and Hickling (2004) estimate that 8 to 40% of injured adult MVA survivors develop PTSD. In youthful MVA survivors the value ranges from 8 to 25% based on several large-scale studies (Aaron et al, 1999;DeVries et al, 1999;Ehlers et al, 2003;Keppel-Benson et al, 2002).…”

“…In fact, this has been shown among adult survivors of other traumas such as combat in time of war (Blanchard, Kolb, Gerardi, Ryan, & Pallmeyer, 1986;Blanchard, Kolb, Taylor, & Wittrock, 1989;Keane et al, 1998;Pitman, Orr, Forgue, deJong, & Claiborn, 1987) and sexual assault (Griffith, Resick, & Mechanic, 1994). For a summary of research on MVA survivors see Blanchard and Hickling, (2004); for a summary across trauma types see Blanchard and Buckley (1999). In fact, a psychophysiological assessment is a recommended adjunct for establishing PTSD among Vietnam veterans (Gronwall, 1986).…”