After-hours Power Status of Office Equipment and Inventory of Miscellaneous Plug-load Equipment

Roberson, J. Alan; Webber, Carrie A.; McWhinney, Marla; Brown, Richard E.; Pinckard, Margaret J.; Busch, John

doi:10.2172/821675

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Their study had difficulties in reflecting the representativeness of office building, as the number of target buildings was limited, although actual measurements on internal heat gains were performed after selecting target buildings in consideration to the probabilistic characteristics of the internal heat gain schedule, along with the HVAC schedule to improve the correction accuracy. Reference [18] performed actual measurements on plug loads of OA equipment in 12 buildings to investigate the amount of installed OA equipment, the occupancy density, operating times of the equipment, a ratio of operation, and a ratio of installation by equipment in offices, schools, and hotels, thereby identifying the current status of equipment operation in buildings. Although their study performed an investigation on the main operating equipment and took into account a ratio of low power-consuming operating equipment, it did not achieve the prediction of loads in detail, as it did not identify power consumption for each of the pieces of equipment.…”

Section: Trend Of Existing Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Variation of Internal Heat Gain in Office Buildings by Chronology

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The additional process of load calculation during the retrofit of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment has been generally omitted in Korea, in recent years. Instead, a simple replacement of HVAC equipment, based on existing HVAC capacities, has been used, which is limited when taking the variation of internal heat gain into consideration, due to changes in the consumption power due to light and office automation (OA) equipment in recent years. Thus, this study aimed to identify a change in internal heat gains over 30 years, from 1985 to 2015, study investigated actual measurement-based academic papers and catalogs about OA equipment, lighting, and the number of occupants per unit area. The heat load produced from OA equipment has increased by approximately 49.6% in 2015 compared to that of 1980, and the heat load from lighting equipment has decreased by 47% compared to that of fluorescent-based lighting, and the heat load from human bodies was approximately 10 W/m 2 on average, which showed a minimal change over the past 30 years. The internal heat gain calculated for 30,000 m 2 of total floor area has increased constantly for the last 30 years. Note that the internal heat gains were designed excessively, as the values used in literature was approximately 17% to 50% smaller than the value used normally in the case of pre-2000 designs, and the values used after 2000 were approximately 35% to 50% smaller than the design standard value.

show abstract

Section: Trend Of Existing Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Variation of Internal Heat Gain in Office Buildings by Chronology

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recent field studies of office equipment usage patterns showed about 60% of commercial PCs on at night [29]. We assume little change in this.…”

Section: Summary and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 83%

The next frontier for communications networks: power management

Christensen

2003

SPIE Proceedings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Storage, memory, processor, and communications bandwidth are all relatively plentiful and inexpensive. However, a growing expense in the operation of computer networks is electricity usage. Estimates place devices connected to the Internet as consuming about 2%, and growing, of the total electricity produced in the USA-much of this power consumption is unnecessary. Power management is needed to reduce this large and growing energy consumption of the Internet. We see power management as the 'next frontier' in research in computer networks. In this paper, we propose methods for reducing energy consumption of networked desktop computers. Using traffic characterization of university dormitory computers, we show that there is significant idle time that can be exploited for power management. However, current Ethernet adapters in desktop computers lack the capabilities needed to allow existing system power management features to be enabled. We address this problem with a proxying Ethernet adapter that handles routine network tasks for a desktop computer when it is in a low-power sleep mode. This proxying adapter can allow existing power management features in desktop computers to remain enabled and have the computer be 'on the network' at all times. The energy that we expect can be saved is in the range of 0.8-2.7 billion US dollars/year. q

show abstract

“…We reviewed several surveys about computer usage patterns [2], [5], [25], [26], [28], [29], and derived a concise summary for the above environments. Table V shows the av- The 'in-use' state includes very heterogeneous activities (e.g., compiling code, browsing the web, downloading files), so it typically leads to large variance with respect to the mean power consumption reported in the Table. The idle state is sometimes broken into short-idle and long-idle; the first usually corresponds to user activity that does not entail computation (e.g., reading documents or emails, input by keyboard), whereas the second is often symptom that the user is no more attending the computer.…”

Section: A Usage Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Potential for Saving Energy by Impersonating Idle Networked Devices

Bolla

Khan

Repetto

2016

IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-The idea of proxying network connectivity has been proposed as an efficient mechanism to maintain network presence on behalf of idle devices, so that they can "sleep". The concept has been around for many years; alternative architectural solutions have been proposed to implement it, which lead to different considerations about capability, effectiveness and energy efficiency. However, there is neither a clear understanding of the potential for energy saving nor a detailed performance comparison among the different proxy architectures.In this paper, we estimate the potential energy saving achievable by different architectural solutions for proxying network connectivity. Our work considers the trade-off between the saving achievable by putting idle devices to sleep and the additional power consumption to run the proxy. Our analysis encompasses a broad range of alternatives, taking into consideration both implementations already available R. Bolla is with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture (DITEN), University of Genoa, Italy (e-mail: raffaele.bolla@unige.it).R. Khan was with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering and Naval Architecture (DITEN), University of Genoa, Italy (e-mail: rafiullah.khan@unige.it).M. Repetto is with the National Inter-University Consortium for Telecommunications (CNIT), Research Unit of Genoa, Italy (e-mail: matteo.repetto@cnit.it).in the market and prototypes built for research purposes. We remark that the main value of our work is the estimation under realistic conditions, taking into consideration power measurements, usage profiles and proxying capabilities.Index Terms-Green networking, energy efficiency, network connectivity proxy.

show abstract

After-hours Power Status of Office Equipment and Inventory of Miscellaneous Plug-load Equipment

Cited by 29 publications

References 6 publications

Study on Variation of Internal Heat Gain in Office Buildings by Chronology

Study on Variation of Internal Heat Gain in Office Buildings by Chronology

The next frontier for communications networks: power management

Assessing the Potential for Saving Energy by Impersonating Idle Networked Devices

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About