African Swine Fever Virus p72 Genotype IX in Domestic Pigs, Congo, 2009

Gallardo, Carmina; Anchuelo, Raquel; Pelayo, V.; Poudevigne, F.; Leon, T P Narro; Nzoussi, Jacques; Bishop, Richard P.; Pérez, Covadonga; Soler, Alejandro; Nieto, Raquel; Martin, H. D.; Arias, Marisa

doi:10.3201/eid1708.101877

Cited by 37 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…The molecular characterization has been performed at the IAEA APHL, Seibersdorf, Austria, the OIE reference laboratory for ASF, ‘Health Surveillance Center – Animal Health Department” (VISAVET‐UCM) Madrid, Spain, and in the FAO Reference Laboratory for ASF, INIA‐CISA, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain. For genetic characterization, PCR was performed on nucleic acid extracted from ASFV selected PCR‐positive samples using specific primers, which amplify three independent regions of the ASFV genome: (i) 478 bp within the 3′ end of p72 gene was amplified using primers p72‐U/D (Bastos et al., ); (ii) the full‐length gene encoding the vp54 protein was amplified using the primers PPA89/722 (Gallardo et al., ); (iii) the primer pairs CVR1/2 were used to amplify the central variable region (CVR) within B602L gene (Gallardo et al., ). PCR products were purified using the Wizard SV Gel and PCR clean‐up system (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) per manufacturers’ recommendations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This rich genetic diversity is promoted through the sylvatic cycle and extended by the domestic cycle with open borders and unrestricted movement of swine in conflict areas. Several studies have assessed the role of cross border pig movements and related them to the occurrence of ASF outbreaks within the borders of several countries such as Zambia, South Africa, Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda (Lubisi et al., ; Boshoff et al., ; Gallardo et al., , ,b; Misinzo et al., ; Atuhaire et al., ). Thus, genotypes that were once thought to be specific to one country are now being detected in neighbouring countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, genotypes that were once thought to be specific to one country are now being detected in neighbouring countries. In contrast, western and Central Africa have traditionally shown the presence of genotype I sequences with low genetic variability and an absence of the sylvatic cycle, although transfer and dissemination of ASFV genotypes from eastern to western Africa have been demonstrated (Bastos et al., ; Lubisi et al., ; Boshoff et al., ; Gallardo et al., ,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of a New Genotype of African Swine Fever Virus in Domestic Pigs from Ethiopia

Achenbach

Gallardo

Nieto-Pelegrín

et al. 2016

Transbound Emerg Dis

174

172

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African swine fever (ASF) is an important emerging transboundary animal disease (TAD), which currently has an impact on many countries in Africa, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Russian Federation. The current situation in Europe shows the ability of the virus to rapidly spread, which stands to threaten the global swine industry. At present, there is no viable vaccine to minimize spread of the disease and stamping out is the main source of control. In February 2011, Ethiopia had reported its first suspected outbreaks of ASF. Genomic analyses of the collected ASF virus (ASFV) strains were undertaken using 23 tissue samples collected from domestic swine in Ethiopia from 2011 to 2014. The analysis of Ethiopian ASFVs partial p72 gene sequence showed the identification of a new genotype, genotype XXIII, that shares a common ancestor with genotypes IX and X, which comprise isolates circulating in Eastern African countries and the Republic of Congo. Analysis of the p54 gene also followed the p72 pattern and the deduced amino acid sequence of the central variable region (CVR) of the B602L gene showed novel tetramer repeats not previously characterized.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of a New Genotype of African Swine Fever Virus in Domestic Pigs from Ethiopia

Achenbach

Gallardo

Nieto-Pelegrín

et al. 2016

Transbound Emerg Dis

174

172

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Sequencing of the B602L gene to determine the CVR (central variable region) variant was performed in all ASF positive samples using the standard operating procedure provided by the European Union Reference Laboratory of ASF (CISA‐INIA) with minor modification regarding the PCR amplification protocol. The B602L gene was amplified with forward and reverse primers as described by Gallardo et al (). PCR was performed using a commercially available AmpliTaq Gold™ DNA Polymerase with Gold Buffer and MgCl 2 PCR kit (Applied Biosystems) in a total volume of 25 µl.…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace amounts of African swine fever virus DNA detected in insects collected from an infected pig farm in Estonia

Herm

Tummeleht

Jürison

et al. 2019

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background African swine fever (ASF), a severe multi‐systemic disease in pigs, was introduced into Estonia in 2014. The majority of outbreaks have occurred during the summer months. Given that ASFV is transmitted in a sylvatic cycle that includes the transmission by African soft ticks and that mechanical transmission by flying insects was shown, transmission by other arthropod vectors need to be considered. Objectives Here, we report the results of a pilot study on flying insects caught on an outbreak farm during epidemiological investigations. Methods In brief, 15 different insect species (flies and mosquitoes) were collected by random catch using an aerial net. Nucleic acids derived from these samples or their pools were tested for African swine fever virus (ASFV) DNA by real‐time PCR. Results and Conclusions Viral DNA was detected in small quantities in two samples from flies and mosquitoes. Given the slow spread of virus within the farm, the impact of these findings seems rather low, but a role in local transmission cannot be ruled out. However, given the very low number of insects sampled, and taken into the account that viral isolation was not performed and insects outside the farm were not investigated, future investigations are needed to assess the true impact of insects as mechanical vectors.

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“…Spread of ASFV beyond traditional geographic boundaries occurred with incursion of p72 genotype II into the Republic of Georgia and its subsequent spread into Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Russia ( 4 , 5 ) and incursion of genotype IX into western Africa ( 6 ). ASFV circulating in Tanzania has p72 genotypes X, XV, and XVI ( 7 – 10 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%