African Horse Sickness Virus Serotype 1 on Horse Farm, Thailand, 2020

Bunpapong, Napawan; Charoenkul, Kamonpan; Nasamran, Chanakarn; Chamsai, Ekkapat; Udom, Kitikhun; Boonyapisitsopa, Supanat; Tantilertcharoen, Rachod; Kesdangsakonwut, Sawang; Techakriengkrai, Navapon; Suradhat, Sanipa; Thanawongnuwech, Roongroje; Amonsin, Alongkorn

doi:10.3201/eid2708.210004

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Tracing the historical trajectory of AHS reveals its expanding geographic scope. First documented in 1569 in Central and Eastern Africa (6), the disease has since marked its presence across diverse regions including the Middle East, Western Asia, North Africa, the Mediterranean basin, and more recently, Southeast Asia with incidents in Thailand and Malaysia in 2020 (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Historical Determinants of African Horse Sickness: Insights from Predictive Modeling

Kim,

Xu,

Villalan

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study marks a pioneering effort in analyzing the global epidemiological patterns of African Horse Sickness (AHS) across different regions. By employing predictive modeling with a comprehensive set of environmental variables, we uncovered overarching global patterns in AHS dynamics, a first in this field. Our analysis revealed significant regional differences influenced by specific climatic conditions, highlighting the disease’s complexity. The study also identifies new high-risk areas for AHS, underscoring the necessity for regionally tailored disease management strategies. Despite some limitations, such as the exclusion of wild equine data, this research offers critical insights for global AHS intervention and prevention, setting a path for future research incorporating broader datasets and socio-economic factors.Author SummaryAHS presents a significant challenge to the global equine industry, impacting both health and economic aspects. Our study highlights the profound effect of climate change, particularly the frequency of extreme climatic events including temperature and humidity variations, on the transmission dynamics of diseases like AHS. In our research, we focused on overcoming the challenges associated with identifying key environmental factors and determining the appropriate geographic scale for a comprehensive global understanding of AHS. Our aim was to bridge existing knowledge gaps and elucidate the fundamental principles governing AHS transmission. This study establishes a solid foundation for understanding the intricate dynamics of AHS and offers practical pathways for conservation efforts. It emphasizes the urgent need for environmentally conscious strategies to protect horse populations and the industries dependent on them. By highlighting the relationship between environmental factors, vector presence, and AHS transmission, our research underscores the importance of a holistic approach to disease mitigation. In conclusion, the findings of our study not only contribute to the scientific understanding of AHS but also serve as a guide for policymakers and practitioners in developing effective strategies for disease management and prevention, tailored to the specific environmental conditions and challenges faced in different regions around the world.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Historical Determinants of African Horse Sickness: Insights from Predictive Modeling

Kim,

Xu,

Villalan

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In Southeast Asia, the AHS outbreak suddenly and seriously caused ~95% of the fatality rate in domesticated horses in Thailand and Malaysia from March to May 2020 [3]. At that time, AHS virus (AHSV) serotype 1 had been identified in Thailand [4,5]. Almost 600 horses died, directly impacting the country's horse industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Identification of Culicoides Species and Host Preference Blood Meal in the African Horse Sickness Outbreak-Affected Area in Hua Hin District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand

Kamyingkird

Choocherd

Chimnoi

et al. 2023

Insects

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

African horse sickness (AHS) was reported as an outbreak in Thailand in 2020. Hematophagous insects from the genus Culicoides are the suspected vector responsible for AHS transmission. Horses in Hua Hin district, Prachuab Khiri Khan province, Thailand, were affected and died from AHS in 2020. However, the potential Culicoides species and its host preference blood meal in the affected areas are unknown. To investigate the potential vectors of AHS, Culicoides were collected using ultraviolet light traps placed near horse stables. Six horse farms, including five farms with AHS history and one farm without AHS history, were included in this study. Morphological and molecular identification of the Culicoides species was performed. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the cytochrome b oxidase I (COXI) gene for confirmation of the Culicoides species, identification of the prepronociceptin (PNOC) gene for host preference blood meal, and bidirectional sequencing were conducted. Consequently, 1008 female Culicoides were collected, consisting of 708 and 300 samples captured at positions A and B at a distance of <2 and >5 m from the horse, respectively. Twelve Culicoides species identified by morphology were noted, including C. oxystoma (71.92%), C. imicola (20.44%), C. actoni (2.28%), C. flavipunctatus (1.98%), C. asiana (0.99%), C. peregrinus (0.60%), C. huffi (0.60%), C. brevitarsis (0.40%), C. innoxius (0.30%), C. histrio (0.30%), C. minimus (0.10%), and C. geminus (0.10%). The PCR detection of the Culicoides COXI gene confirmed Culicoides species in 23 DNA samples. PCR targeting the PNOC gene revealed that the Culicoides collected in this study fed on Equus caballus (86.25%), Canis lupus familiaris (6.25%), Sus scrofa (3.75%), and Homo sapiens (3.75%) for their blood meal. Human blood was identified from two samples of C. oxystoma and a sample of C. imicola. Three dominant species including C. oxystoma, C. imicola, and C. actoni that were reported in the Hua Hin area prefer to feed on horse blood. Moreover, C. oxystoma, C. imicola, and C. bravatarsis also feed on canine blood. This study revealed the species of Culicoides in Hua Hin district, Thailand, after the AHS outbreak.

show abstract

“…At least 99 species of Culicoides have been reported in Thailand [ 9 ]. Nonetheless, mass vaccination in horses with a live-attenuated AHSV vaccine is required to control and prevent AHS [ 4 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal humoral immune response and maternal immunity in horses after a single live-attenuated vaccination against African horse sickness during the disease outbreak in Thailand

Kunanusont,

Taesuji,

Kulthonggate

et al. 2023

Vet World

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Aim: African horse sickness (AHS) has become a newly emerging disease after an outbreak in northeastern Thailand in March 2020. Mass vaccination in horses with live-attenuated AHS virus (AHSV) vaccine is essential for AHS control and prevention. This study aimed to monitor the longitudinal humoral immune response before and after a single vaccination using a live-attenuated vaccine against AHS in stallions, mares, and pregnant mares, including maternal immunity in foals born from pregnant mares during the outbreak in Thailand. Materials and Methods: A total of 13 stallions and 23 non-pregnant and 21 pregnant mares were vaccinated with live-attenuated AHSV vaccines. Serum samples from selected horses were collected on the day of vaccination and 1, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 12-months post-vaccination. Furthermore, seven serum samples of foals born from vaccinated pregnant mares were collected on parturition date and 1, 3, and 6-months old. The antibody titer against AHS in all collected serum samples was evaluated using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. All data were analyzed for mean and standard deviation for each group of samples using a spreadsheet program. Antibody titers between times were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance as repeated measurement, and antibody titers between horse groups were analyzed using a general linear model for statistically significant differences when p < 0.05. Results: In stallion and non-pregnant mare groups, there were no statistically significant differences in antibody titers in all 6 time periods after vaccination. The antibody titer in the pregnant mare group showed a non-statistically significant difference between each gestation stage, except at 8 months post-vaccination. Furthermore, increasing antibody titers on days 1 and 3 after receiving colostrum in foals indicate the major role of transcolostral antibody transfer for AHS. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that a single AHS vaccination using a live-attenuated vaccine could stimulate high antibody titers sufficient for AHS control and prevention during the outbreak in Thailand. Similarly, the antibody response of vaccinated horses of both genders, including various stages of pregnant mares, was statistically not different. Keywords: African horse sickness, antibody, maternal immunity, stage of gestation, vaccination.

show abstract

African Horse Sickness Virus Serotype 1 on Horse Farm, Thailand, 2020

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Environmental and Historical Determinants of African Horse Sickness: Insights from Predictive Modeling

Environmental and Historical Determinants of African Horse Sickness: Insights from Predictive Modeling

Molecular Identification of Culicoides Species and Host Preference Blood Meal in the African Horse Sickness Outbreak-Affected Area in Hua Hin District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Thailand

Longitudinal humoral immune response and maternal immunity in horses after a single live-attenuated vaccination against African horse sickness during the disease outbreak in Thailand

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About