African 2, a Clonal Complex of Mycobacterium bovis Epidemiologically Important in East Africa

Berg, Stefan; García-Pelayo, M. Carmen; Müller, Borna; Hailu, Elena; Asiimwe, Benon B.; Kremer, Kristin; Dale, James L.; Boniotti, Maria Beatrice; Rodríguez, Sabrina; Hilty, Markus; Rigouts, Leen; Firdessa, Rebuma; Machado, Adelina; Mucavele, Custodia; Ngandolo, Bongo Naré Richard; Bruchfeld, Judith; Boschiroli, Laura; Müller, Annélle; Sahraoui, Naïma; Pacciarini, Maria Lodovica; Cadmus, Simeon; Joloba, Moses; Soolingen, Dick van; Michel, Anita Luise; Djønne, Berit; Aranaz, Alicia; Zinsstag, Jakob; Helden, Paul van; Portaels, Françoise; Kazwala, Rudovick; Källenius, Gunilla; Hewinson, R. Glyn; Aseffa, Abraham; Gordon, Stephen V.; Smith, Noel H.

doi:10.1128/jb.00048-12

Cited by 17 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…It is possible that all Af2 spoligotype patterns were derived from an ancestral spoligotype pattern equivalent to that of the vaccine strain BCG (SB0120, missing spacers 3, 9, 16 and 39 to 43), with the additional deletion of spacers 4 to 7 (SB0133). While the strains of the Af2 clonal complex were detected only in cattle reared in East Africa, the Af1 clonal complex is reported only in cattle from West‐Central Africa (Berg et al., ). In Mozambique and South Africa, non‐Af1–non‐Af2 clones are reported, most likely the European clone (European 1; Eu1) characterized by a specific deletion called RDEu1 and the loss of spoligotype spacer 11 (spacers 4 to 7 are usually present) according to (Berg et al., ).…”

Section: Epidemiological Prevalence Of Bovine Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the strains of the Af2 clonal complex were detected only in cattle reared in East Africa, the Af1 clonal complex is reported only in cattle from West‐Central Africa (Berg et al., ). In Mozambique and South Africa, non‐Af1–non‐Af2 clones are reported, most likely the European clone (European 1; Eu1) characterized by a specific deletion called RDEu1 and the loss of spoligotype spacer 11 (spacers 4 to 7 are usually present) according to (Berg et al., ). The Eu1 clone is rarely reported in Africa with the exception of South Africa.…”

Section: Epidemiological Prevalence Of Bovine Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis in Humans and Cattle

El-Sayed

El-Shannat

Kamel

et al. 2015

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), is a serious re-emerging disease in both animals and humans. The evolution of the Multi- and Extensively drug-resistant M. bovis strains (MDR-TB and XDR-TB) represents a global threat to public health. Worldwide, the disease is responsible for great economic losses in the veterinary field, serious threat to the ecosystem, and about 3.1% of human TB cases, up to 16% in Tanzania. Only thorough investigation to understand the pathogen's epidemiology can help in controlling the disease and minimizing its threat. For this purpose, various tools have been developed for use in advanced molecular epidemiological studies of bTB, either alone or in combination with standard conventional epidemiological approaches. These techniques enable the analysis of the intra- and inter-species transmission dynamics of bTB. The delivered data can reveal detailed insights into the source of infection, correlations among human and bovine isolates, strain diversity and evolution, spread, geographical localization, host preference, tracing of certain virulence factors such as antibiotic resistance genes, and finally the risk factors for the maintenance and spread of M. bovis. They also allow for the determination of epidemic and endemic strains. This, in turn, has a significant diagnostic impact and helps in vaccine development for bTB eradication programs. The present review discusses many topics including the aetiology, epidemiology and importance of M. bovis, the prevalence of bTB in humans and animals in various countries, the molecular epidemiology of M. bovis, and finally applied molecular epidemiological techniques.

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Section: Epidemiological Prevalence Of Bovine Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiological Prevalence Of Bovine Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis in Humans and Cattle

El-Sayed

El-Shannat

Kamel

et al. 2015

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…Another clonal complex of M. bovis, marked by both a deletion (RDAf2) and a specific spoligotype signature, is present at high frequency in Uganda, Ethiopia, Burundi and Tanzania Berg et al, 2011). This East African clonal complex of M. bovis has been designated African 2 (Af2) and represents over 70% of all cattle isolates from each of these East African countries.…”

Section: Eu1 In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

European 1: A globally important clonal complex of Mycobacterium bovis

Smith

Berg

Dale

et al. 2011

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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103

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We have identified a globally important clonal complex of M. bovis by deletion analysis of over one thousand strains from over 30 countries. We initially show that over 99% of the strains of Mycobacterium bovis, the cause of bovine tuberculosis, isolated from cattle in the Republic of Ireland and the UK are closely related and are members of a single clonal complex marked by the deletion of chromosomal region RDEu,1 and we named this clonal complex European 1 (Eu1). Eu1 strains were present at less than

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“…Based on the distribution of the region of difference 9 (RD9) and the M. tuberculosis deleted region TbD1, three main lineages were defined (57). The lineage deleted for RD9 comprises M. africanum, prevalent in humans in West Africa, as well as a range of subspecies with animal reservoirs, such as Mycobacterium microti, a pathogen originally isolated from voles that also infects cats (61) and sporadically humans (62), Mycobacterium pinnipedii, which was isolated from fur seals and sea lions in different continents (63), Mycobacterium caprae, isolated from goats and deer (64,65), and M. bovis, the bovine tubercle bacillus, which can infect a wide range of wild and domestic animals (66). The spectrum of RD9-deleted tubercle bacilli was further enriched by the identification of Mycobacterium mungi (67), the dassie bacillus (68, 69), a chimpanzee isolate (70), and Mycobacterium orygis, which is found in antelopes but was also repeatedly isolated from human tuberculosis cases (40).…”

Section: Microevolutionary Genomics Of the Tubercle Bacillimentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterial Pathogenomics and Evolution

et al. 2014

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Most mycobacterial species are harmless saprophytes, often found in aquatic environments. A few species seem to have evolved from this pool of environmental mycobacteria into major human pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the agent of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae, the leprosy bacillus, and Mycobacterium ulcerans, the agent of Buruli ulcer. While the pathogenicity of M. ulcerans relates to the acquisition of a large plasmid encoding a polyketide-derived toxin, the molecular mechanisms by which M. leprae or M. tuberculosis have evolved to cause disease are complex and involve the interaction between the pathogen and the host.Here we focus on M. tuberculosis and closely related mycobacteria and discuss insights gained from recent genomic and functional studies. Comparison of M. tuberculosis genome data with sequences from nontuberculous mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium marinum or Mycobacterium kansasii, provides a perception of the more distant evolution of M. tuberculosis, while the recently accomplished genome sequences of multiple tubercle bacilli with smooth colony morphology, named Mycobacterium canettii, have allowed the ancestral gene pool of tubercle bacilli to be estimated. The resulting findings are instrumental for our understanding of the pathogenomic evolution of tuberculosis-causing mycobacteria. Comparison of virulent and attenuated members of the M. tuberculosis complex has further contributed to identification of a specific secretion pathway, named ESX or Type VII secretion. The molecular machines involved are key elements for mycobacterial pathogenicity, strongly influencing the ability of M. tuberculosis to cope with the immune defense mounted by the host.

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African 2, a Clonal Complex of Mycobacterium bovis Epidemiologically Important in East Africa

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis in Humans and Cattle

Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis in Humans and Cattle

European 1: A globally important clonal complex of Mycobacterium bovis

Mycobacterial Pathogenomics and Evolution

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