European 1: A globally important clonal complex of Mycobacterium bovis

Smith, Noel H.; Berg, Stefan; Dale, James; Allen, Adrian; Rodríguez, Sabrina; Romero, Beatriz; Matos, Filipa; Ghebremichael, Solomon; Karoui, Claudine; Donati, Chiara; Machado, Adelina; Mucavele, Custodia; Kazwala, Rudovick; Hilty, Markus; Cadmus, Simeon; Ngandolo, Bongo Naré Richard; Habtamu, Meseret; Oloya, James; Müller, Annélle; Milián-Suazo, Feliciano; Andrievskaia, Olga; Projahn, Michaela; Barandiarán, Soledad; Macias, Analía; Müller, Borna; Zanini, Marcos Santos; Ikuta, Cássia Yumi; Rodriguez, Cesar; Pinheiro, Sônia Regina; Figueroa, A R Ricardo; Cho, Sang Nae; Mosavari, Nader; Chuang, Pei Chun; Jou, Ruwen; Zinsstag, Jakob; Soolingen, Dick van; Costello, Eamonn; Aseffa, Abraham; Proaño-Pérez, Freddy; Portaels, Françoise; Rigouts, Leen; Cataldi, Angel; Collins, Desmond M.; Boschiroli, María Laura; Hewinson, R. Glyn; Neto, José Soares Ferreira; Surujballi, Om; Tadyon, Keyvan; Botelho, Ana; Zárraga, Ana María; Buller, Nicky; Skuce, Robin; Michel, Anita Luise; Aranaz, Alicia; Gordon, Stephen V.; Jeon, Bo Young; Källenius, Gunilla; Niemann, Stefan; Boniotti, Maria Beatrice; Helden, Paul D. van; Harris, Beth; Zumárraga, Martín José; Kremer, Kristin

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2011.04.027

Cited by 103 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The MIRU-VNTR characterization of this random panel of M. bovis SB0121 isolates revealed a high degree of diversity. This is consistent with previous reports from Portugal (12,13) and Italy (10) where the MIRU-VNTR type diversity of the most prevalent spoligotypes (SB0121 and SB0120, respectively) is high compared to that of the European 1 clonal complex in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland (34). The underlying reasons for this high diversity in the Iberian M. bovis population remain unknown.…”

Section: Fig 1 Minimum Spanning Trees (Msts) Of the 115 Mycobacteriumsupporting

confidence: 92%

Splitting of a Prevalent Mycobacterium bovis Spoligotype by Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Typing Reveals High Heterogeneity in an Evolving Clonal Group

et al. 2013

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Bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) remains a concern in Spain; although herd prevalence has been considerably reduced since the systematic implementation of the national eradication program in the 1990s, infection still affected 1.33% of herds in 2011 (per the Ministry of the Environment and Rural and Marine Affairs). In consideration of the economic and public health implications of this zoonosis, tracing the source of infection by genotyping has become a key element within the program. The most widely used technique to type M. bovis isolates is direct variable repeat (DVR) spoligotyping (1). However, in some geographical settings, this cost-effective high-throughput technique does not offer adequate discrimination (2, 3, 4) and is thus complemented with mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variablenumber tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing (5, 6). The MIRU-VNTR technique has been evaluated in many countries using different sets of makers (2, 4, 7-15).In recent surveys in the Iberian Peninsula, SB0121 was found to be the most frequent spoligotype of M. bovis (26.3% in Portugal [16] and 27.9% in Spain [17]). These studies showed that high levels of discrimination could be achieved by spoligotyping (discriminatory index [D] ϭ 0.89 and 0.87 in Portugal and Spain, respectively), although subsequent studies from Portugal found that discrimination actually increased with MIRU-VNTR typing (12,13).In this study, we used nine MIRU-VNTR markers to type a panel of randomly selected Spanish M. bovis isolates with the spoligotype SB0121. The allelic diversity and overall discriminatory power of the technique were evaluated, using several different formats. Additionally, MIRU-VNTR was applied to all the infected animals from farms infected with M. bovis SB0121 to evaluate if heterogeneity was underdetected. MATERIALS AND METHODSMycobacterial strains. The study was carried out in M. bovis isolates with spoligotype SB0121 that were sampled from across Spain between 1997 and 2010. To evaluate the discriminatory power of MIRU-VNTR, we used a panel (n ϭ 115) (see Table S1 in the supplemental material) comprising 111 isolates selected randomly from 3,863 M. bovis SB0121 isolates from the Spanish strain collection at the VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre affecting animals plus four additionally selected M. bovis isolates from less frequently affected species. The isolates originated from cattle (Bos taurus) (n ϭ 98), goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) (n ϭ 2), wild boars (Sus scrofa) (n ϭ 7), red deer (Cervus elaphus) (n ϭ 2), fallow deer (Dama dama) (n ϭ 2), badgers (Meles meles) (n ϭ 2 [18]), and domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) (n ϭ 2).To evaluate potential heterogeneity within the farms infected by M. bovis SB0121, we randomly selected 15 farms from 1,342 cattle farms from which isolates were included in the strain collection to design a second panel that comprised all the SB0121 isolates obtained from infected animals from these farms (total n ϭ 176; number of isolates per farm, 2 to 31).

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Section: Fig 1 Minimum Spanning Trees (Msts) Of the 115 Mycobacteriumsupporting

confidence: 92%

Splitting of a Prevalent Mycobacterium bovis Spoligotype by Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Typing Reveals High Heterogeneity in an Evolving Clonal Group

et al. 2013

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“…Deletion typing for the RDAf1, RDAf2 and RDEu1 deletions was determined by a PCR assay using the published primers that flank their specific defined chromosomal regions as previously described 27–29 . Isolates were termed ‘unclassified’ if they had intact PCR product for Africa1, Africa 2 and Europe 1 clonal complexes and ‘inconclusive’ or ‘mixed’ if they had both an intact and deleted outcome for any of the complexes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter in combination with deletion analysis has been used to define global clonal complexes of M. bovis which include; African 1 (Af1), African 2 (Af2), geographically restricted to Africa and European 1 (Eur1) 27–29 . Af1 is currently restricted to West Africa where it is thought to have originated 27 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis in Cameroon

Egbe

Muwonge

Ndip

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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We describe the largest molecular epidemiological study of Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB) in a sub-Saharan African country with higher spatial resolution providing new insights into bTB. Four hundred and ninety-nine samples were collected for culture from 201 and 179 cattle with and without bTB-like lesions respectively out of 2,346 cattle slaughtered at Bamenda, Ngaoundere, Garoua and Maroua abattoirs between 2012–2013. Two hundred and fifty-five M. bovis were isolated, identified and genotyped using deletion analysis, Hain® Genotype MTBC, spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR. African 1 was the dominant M. bovis clonal complex, with 97 unique genotypes including 19 novel spoligotypes representing the highest M. bovis genetic diversity observed in Africa to date. SB0944 and SB0953 dominated (63%) the observed spoligotypes. A third of animals with multiple lesions had multiple strain infections. Higher diversity but little evidence of recent transmission of M. bovis was more common in Adamawa compared to the North-West Region. The Adamawa was characterised by a high frequency of singletons possibly due to constant additions from an active livestock movement network compared to the North-West Region where a local expansion was more evident. The latter combined with population-based inferences suggest an unstable and stable bTB-endemic status in the North-West and Adamawa Regions respectively.

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“…This would not be a new phenomenon, as pathogen introduction has a long global history as an unintended consequence of live imports. Countries that historically traded with the British Isles, including the US, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa, still have M. bovis strains in the same clonal complex as strains currently present in the UK (Smith et al, 2011). However, here we are interested in international imports as a source of recent pathogen introductions (within the past two decades), leading to established infections in US cattle populations.…”

Section: International Importsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of bovine tuberculosis in the United States

Tsao

Robbe‐Austerman

Miller

et al. 2014

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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a b s t r a c tDespite control and eradication efforts, bovine tuberculosis continues to be identified at low levels among cattle in the United States. We evaluated possible external sources of infection by characterizing the genetic relatedness of bovine tuberculosis from a national database of reported infections, comparing strains circulating among US cattle with those of imported cattle, and farmed and wild cervids.Farmed cervids maintained a genetically distinct Mycobacterium bovis strain, and cattle occasionally became infected with this strain. In contrast, wild cervids acted as an epidemiologically distinct group, instead hosting many of the same strains found in cattle, and the data did not show a clear transmission direction. Cattle from Mexico hosted a higher overall richness of strains than US cattle, and many of those strains were found in both US and Mexican cattle. However, these two populations appeared to be wellmixed with respect to their M. bovis lineages, and higher resolution data is necessary to infer the direction of recent transmission.Overall patterns of both host and geographic distributions were highly variable among strains, suggesting that different sources or transmission mechanisms are contributing to maintaining different strains.

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European 1: A globally important clonal complex of Mycobacterium bovis

Cited by 103 publications

References 81 publications

Splitting of a Prevalent Mycobacterium bovis Spoligotype by Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Typing Reveals High Heterogeneity in an Evolving Clonal Group

Splitting of a Prevalent Mycobacterium bovis Spoligotype by Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Typing Reveals High Heterogeneity in an Evolving Clonal Group

Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis in Cameroon

Sources of bovine tuberculosis in the United States

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