Aflatoxin M1 Detoxification Ability of Probiotic Lactobacilli of Indian Origin in In vitro Digestion Model

Abstract

Aflatoxin M (AFM) is known to be a potent carcinogen and continues to pose a public health concern through the consumption of contaminated dairy foods. It is anticipated that consumption of lactic acid bacteria capable of binding aflatoxins can reduce the risk of AFM on human health to a certain extent. Seldom reports have hinted the possibility of using lactic acid bacteria for the biological detoxification of AFM. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess the ability of selected probiotic Lactobacillus strains for their AFM binding ability in PBS and to reduce its bioaccessibility in artificially contaminated skim milk using an in vitro digestion model. Eleven tested probiotic strains illustrated various degrees of AFM binding ability ranging from 4.13 to 64.16%. Five among the 11 probiotic strains were subsequently selected for detailed studies on the basis of highest binding potential after 24 h of incubation period. The stability of bacterial-AFM complex was assessed by repeated washings with AFM free PBS. The observation on bacterial-AFM complex stability showed small release of AFM in first and second wash (17.30 to 0.98%) where as none was detectable in the third wash. However, upon chloroform extraction, 88.57 to 92.30% of bound AFM was released from the bacterial cells which indicate AFM binding to the bacterial cell surface rather than absorption or degradation of AFM by bacterial cells. During the in vitro digestion test in skim milk, bioaccessibility of AFM was reduced to a scale of 32.61 to 52.84% in the presence of selected strains of probiotic lactobacilli. The present findings suggest that selected probiotic strains could be potentially used to mitigate the toxic effects of AFM in the contaminated milk and milk products and thereby enhance food safety.

Lactic Acid Bacteria as Antifungal and Anti‐Mycotoxigenic Agents: A Comprehensive Review

“…For instance, L. casei LC‐01 strain has shown the capacity to reduce AFM1 in milk, containing an initial concentration of 2 ng/L, by more than 50% during fermentation (Barukčić, Bilandžić, Markov, Jakopović, & Božanić, ). Panwar, Kumar, Kashyap, Ram, and Kapila () demonstrated the ability of lactobacilli to bind AFM1 in artificially contaminated skim milk. Taheur et al.…”

The detoxification of aflatoxin M1 by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp.: A review

“…According toElsanhoty et al (2014), LABs from the different origins like Egypt, Thailand, and German centers for culture collection can be used as starter cultures as well as in reducing of AFM1. Based on findings ofPanwar et al (2018), incorporation of eleven probiotic Lactobacillus strains resulted in AFM 1 binding abilities ranging from 4.13% to 64.16%. Also, the evaluation of bacterial-AFM 1 complex stability showed the small release of AFM 1 in first and second wash, whereas it was completely stable in the third wash.…”

Efficacy of Potentially Probiotic Fruit-Derived Lactobacillus fermentum, L. paracasei and L. plantarum to Remove Aflatoxin M1 In Vitro

“…Variations in aflatoxin release have been linked to the differences in binding sites in different LAB isolates, or even in these binding sites being very similar. They could have minimal differences depending on each isolate [13,25,26]. For all examined isolates, the values of recovered AFM 1 decreased after 24 h of incubation, indicating that AFM 1 retention capacity increased when the length of the contact time increased.…”