Aflatoxin: food chain transfer from feed to milk

Walte, Hans-Georg; Schwake-Anduschus, Christine; Geisen, Rolf; Fritsche, Jan

doi:10.1007/s00003-016-1059-8

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Aflatoxin-contaminated feed must also be monitored to avoid feeding dairy cows with contaminated batches [83]. For instance, the association among most aflatoxin-contaminated feed ingredients and prevalence has been detailed [36,73].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins at the Start of the Food Chain in Costa Rica: Analysis of Six Fusarium Toxins and Ochratoxin A between 2013 and 2017 in Animal Feed and Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy Products

Molina

Chavarría

Alfaro-Cascante

et al. 2019

Toxins

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Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites, produced by fungi of genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium (among others), which produce adverse health effects on humans and animals (carcinogenic, teratogenic and immunosuppressive). In addition, mycotoxins negatively affect the productive parameters of livestock (e.g., weight, food consumption, and food conversion). Epidemiological studies are considered necessary to assist stakeholders with the process of decision-making regarding the control of mycotoxins in processing environments. This study addressed the prevalence in feed ingredients and compound feed of eight different types of toxins, including metabolites produced by Fusarium spp. (Deoxynivalenol/3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, T-2/HT-2 toxins, zearalenone and fumonisins) and two additional toxins (i.e., ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1)) from different fungal species, for over a period of five years. On the subject of Fusarium toxins, higher prevalences were observed for fumonisins (n = 80/113, 70.8%) and DON (n = 212/363, 58.4%), whereas, for OTA, a prevalence of 40.56% was found (n = 146/360). In the case of raw material, mycotoxin contamination exceeding recommended values were observed in cornmeal for HT-2 toxin (n = 3/24, 12.5%), T-2 toxin (n = 3/61, 4.9%), and ZEA (n = 2/45, 4.4%). In contrast, many compound feed samples exceeded recommended values; in dairy cattle feed toxins such as DON (n = 5/147, 3.4%), ZEA (n = 6/150, 4.0%), T-2 toxin (n = 10/171, 5.9%), and HT-2 toxin (n = 13/132, 9.8%) were observed in high amounts. OTA was the most common compound accompanying Fusarium toxins (i.e., 16.67% of co-occurrence with ZEA). This study also provided epidemiological data for AFM1 in liquid milk. The outcomes unveiled a high prevalence of contamination (i.e., 29.6–71.1%) and several samples exceeding the regulatory threshold. Statistical analysis exposed no significant climate effect connected to the prevalence of diverse types of mycotoxins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins at the Start of the Food Chain in Costa Rica: Analysis of Six Fusarium Toxins and Ochratoxin A between 2013 and 2017 in Animal Feed and Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy Products

Molina

Chavarría

Alfaro-Cascante

et al. 2019

Toxins

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“…AFB1 toxicity in livestock and human beings is a major economic and health concern. Approximately 500 million human beings, mostly belonging to poor communities from countries located in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and Asia, are exposed continuously to aflatoxin levels higher than international norms [ 10 ]. Dietary exposure of AFB1 through infected food ingredients has dose-dependent severe implications on livestock and humans.…”

Section: General Introduction: Aflatoxins Aflatoxin B1 and Aflatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective and Detoxifying Effects Conferred by Dietary Selenium and Curcumin against AFB1-Mediated Toxicity in Livestock: A Review

Limaye

Chou

et al. 2018

Toxins

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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), among other aflatoxins of the aflatoxin family, is the most carcinogenic and hazardous mycotoxin to animals and human beings with very high potency leading to aflatoxicosis. Selenium is an essential trace mineral possessing powerful antioxidant functions. Selenium is widely reported as an effective antioxidant against aflatoxicosis. By preventing oxidative liver damage, suppressing pro-apoptotic proteins and improving immune status in AFB1 affected animals; selenium confers specific protection against AFB1 toxicity. Meticulous supplementation of animal feed by elemental selenium in the organic and inorganic forms has proven to be effective to ameliorate AFB1 toxicity. Curcumin is another dietary agent of importance in tackling aflatoxicosis. Curcumin is one of the major active ingredients in the tubers of a spice Curcuma longa L., a widely reported antioxidant, anticarcinogenic agent with reported protective potential against aflatoxin-mediated liver damage. Curcumin restricts the aflatoxigenic potential of Aspergillus flavus. Curcumin inhibits cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, particularly CYP2A6 isoform; thereby reducing the formation of AFB1-8, 9-epoxide and other toxic metabolites causing aflatoxicosis. In this review, we have briefly reviewed important aflatoxicosis symptoms among animals. With the main focus on curcumin and selenium, we have reviewed their underlying protective mechanisms in different animals along with their extraction and production methods for feed applications.Keywords: aflatoxin B1; anti-AFB1 dietary supplement; curcumin; selenium; antioxidant status Key contribution: We have reviewed protective roles of selenium and curcumin in specific relation to tacking AFB1 toxicity in the livestock along with their reported underlying mechanisms for the potential feed applications catering across a broad host range.

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“…AFM1 is a less mutagenic and carcinogenic (2 to 10%) hydroxylated metabolite of AFB1, and is excreted into the urine and milk of mammals after they ingest foods contaminated with AFB1 (Kumar et al, 2017). The average conversion value was Meat Technology 61 (2020) 1, 1-36 2.5%, although a direct relationship between the carry-over rate and the milk yield, with a maximal 6.2% carry-over rate, was found (Walte et al, 2016). In dairy cows, excretion of AFM1 occurs in as little as 12 to 24 h and up to 2 to 3 days in milk (Peles et al, 2019).…”

Section: Aflatoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status of Mycotoxin Contamination of Food and Feeds and Associated Public Health Risk in Serbia

Milićević¹,

Udovički²,

Petrović³

et al. 2020

Meat Technology

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Mycotoxins are chemical hazards of microbiological origin, produced mainly by filamentous fungi during their secondary metabolism. The role of mycotoxins has been recognized in the aetiology of a number of diseases, particularly cancers that belong to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The NCDs have a leading and growing contribution to preventable deaths and disability across the globe. The NCDs are known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioural factors. Following the increased interest in health effects caused by synergisms between natural and synthetic contaminants along the food chain, mycotoxin contamination will continue to be an area of concern for producers, manufacturers, regulatory agencies, researchers and consumers in the future. Considering that their presence in food depends strongly on climatic conditions, in Serbia, recent drought and then flooding confirmed that mycotoxins are one of the foodborne hazards most susceptible to climate change. In this article, we review key aspects of mycotoxin contamination of the food supply chain and attempt to highlight the latest trends and projections for mycotoxin reduction from a Serbian perspective.

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Aflatoxin: food chain transfer from feed to milk

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Mycotoxins at the Start of the Food Chain in Costa Rica: Analysis of Six Fusarium Toxins and Ochratoxin A between 2013 and 2017 in Animal Feed and Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy Products

Mycotoxins at the Start of the Food Chain in Costa Rica: Analysis of Six Fusarium Toxins and Ochratoxin A between 2013 and 2017 in Animal Feed and Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy Products

Protective and Detoxifying Effects Conferred by Dietary Selenium and Curcumin against AFB1-Mediated Toxicity in Livestock: A Review

Current Status of Mycotoxin Contamination of Food and Feeds and Associated Public Health Risk in Serbia

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