Aflatoxin effects in livestock

Keyl, Alexander C.; Booth, A. N.

doi:10.1007/bf02544571

Cited by 53 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This confirms earlier work showing liver enlargement in pigs fed aflatoxins (Keyl and Booth, 1971;Furtado et al, 1979) but differs from other reporta (Keyl and Booth, 1971;Armbrecht et al, 1971) claiming kidney enlargements of pigs fed aflatoxins. The failure to observe abnormalities in the kidneys of the aflatoxin-treated pigs in the present study may be related to the short duration of the feeding trial (42 days).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Withdrawal time required for clearance of aflatoxins from pig tissues

Furtado

Pearson

Hogberg

et al. 1982

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The time necessary to obtain clearance of aflatoxins from the tissues of the pig after removal from a contaminated diet was determined in two trials involving 20 pigs in each. There was a significant reduction in aflatoxin levels in all organs and tissues 1 day after placing the pigs on an aflatoxin-free ration. After 2 days, only one pig contained trace amounts (<0.50 pg/kg) of aflatoxins in the tissues. Four days after removal from the contaminated diet, there were no detectable levels of aflatoxins in any of the tissues.It was also found that a naturally contaminated diet containing only 20 and 31 pg/kg aflatoxins B1 and B2, respectively, resulted in traces of aflatoxins B,, Bz, M,, and Mz in the livers and kidneys after 13-14 h withdrawal from the contaminated diet, although none were detected in any other tissues.Transmission of aflatoxins through animal products (meat, milk, and eggs) to man may result in exposure to these potent carcinogenic compounds (Armbrecht, 1971; Rodricks and Stoloff, 1977). Several research groups (Krogh et al., 1973;Murthy et al., 1975; Hayes et al., 1978; Furtado et al., 1979) have shown that aflatoxins can be deposited in the tissues of the pig, which is confirmed in a review by Stoloff (1979). Thus, meat can provide a dietary source of exposure for humans. Little is known about the length of time required for the pig to metabolize aflatoxins and, thus, clear their tissues of these contaminants.The present study was designed to determine the length of time necessary to achieve tissue clearance of aflatoxins from pigs fed a contaminated diet. This was accomplished by feeding pigs on an aflatoxin-spiked diet for 42 days and measuring the amount of these toxins and their metabolites in the tissues immediately after removal and comparing them to a similar group of animals fed an unspiked basal diet. The remaining pigs were fed a control diet and pigs from all groups were slaughtered at 1,2,4, and 8 days after being placed on this diet to ascertain the length of time necessary to obtain tissue clearance. MATERIALS AND METHODSFeeding Trials. Two feeding trials with 20 weanling crossbred pigs in each were carried out by using the same basal ration described earlier by Furtado et al. (1979). Feed and water were allowed ad libitum. The pigs were weighed weekly and feed consumption records were kept. Allotment into groups was based on sex, litter, and weight. In each trial 4 pigs were fed the control (unspiked) diet, and 16 were used to determine the time necessary for tissue clearance. In both trials, the spiked diets contained 551 and 355 pg of aflatoxins B1 and B2 per kg of feed, respectively, and the spiked and control (unspiked) rations were fed for 42 days. Then the four control pigs and four of the pigs on the experimental diet were slaughtered within 13-14 h after being taken off feed. The remaining pigs in each trial were placed on an uncontaminated control ration and fed until removed for slaughter at the selected time intervals.In trial 1, after the initial feeding period of ...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Withdrawal time required for clearance of aflatoxins from pig tissues

Furtado

Pearson

Hogberg

et al. 1982

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Differences in mean 4-week body weights between dietary treatment of the two quail lines used in this study were small (Table 3) and not significantly different. The sensitivity of 4 breeds of quail to aflatoxins varied (Keyl and Booth, 1971). The growth response in the quail is similar to the quadratic response in chicks reported by Speers et al, (1971).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The differences in body weight of the sexes during the last weeks of both trials were due to expected weight differences in males and females. Breeds of chickens vary in susceptibility to mycotoxins (Keyl and Booth, 1971). F-2 in diets caused an increase in body weight of female Leghorn hens (Babcock) and 1600 p.p.m.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of Broilers and Quail Fed Fusarium (Gibberella zeae)-Infected Corn and Zearalenone (F-2)

Bacon¹,

Marks²

1976

Poultry Science

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There were no effects in commercial broilers after the long term ingesting of Fusarium-infected corn supplying 1, 10, and 30 p.p.m. zearalenone (F-2) in diets. Average gain and feed conversion were similar in all treatment groups. In the first feeding trial the average body weights were higher for males than for females, but the differences were not significant. Purified F-2, 30 P.P.M., was fed to broilers and no chronic effects were observed. Differences in mean body weights, between dietary treatments in the two Japanese quail lines were small and not significant after 4 weeks on diets containing 0, 10, and 25 p.p.m. F-2 from Fusarium infected corn.

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“…A presença de aflatoxinas os tornam inadequados para o consumo humano e animal. Amostras de carne, leite e ovos provenientes de animais alimentados com rações que contenham aflatoxinas, têm apresentado as toxinas ou seus derivados em seus produtos [12,32,45].…”

Section: -Resultados Das Análises Da Amêndoa Da Torta De Amêndoa De unclassified

Processamentos de amêndoa e torta de castanha-do-Brasil e farinha de mandioca: parâmetros de qualidade

Souza¹,

Menezes²

2004

Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment.

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A castanheira-do-Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa, H.B.K.) é originária da região Amazônica. Apresenta porte majestoso e frondoso, com copa dominante na região onde se encontra, chegando a medir cerca de 30 -50 metros de altura e 5 metros de diâmetro na base do tronco [2,9,17,35,37,40]. Plantas provenientes de sementes podem iniciar a frutificação aos oito anos e somente aos doze anos, atingem a produção normal, desde que sejam plantadas a céu aberto, enquanto as castanheiras enxertadas podem iniciar a produção de frutos aos 3,5 anos [39].O consumo desta amêndoa no mercado interno é muito pequeno estimando-se que seja apenas 1% da sua produção [47,62]. A maior parte é exportada in natura, para os países da Europa (Alemanha e Inglaterra) e América do Norte (Estados Unidos) [47,63].A amêndoa de castanha-do-Brasil apresenta a seguinte composição química centesimal em g/100g: umidade 4,40, proteína bruta 17,00, lipídios 67,00, carboidratos 7,00, valor energético 751kcal e sais minerais 3,60, em média [22]. Segundo Castro apud TEIXEIRA [59] a fração albumina, a excelsina, é a única completa de origem vegetal conhecida, o que levou a castanhado-Brasil ser chamada de carne vegetal.É uma amêndoa oleaginosa de elevado valor energético, rica em proteínas de alto valor biológico. Apresenta muitos outros constituintes indispensáveis a uma boa alimentação, como o selênio, antioxidante que vem sendo referido na prevenção de câncer, doenças cardiovascular e muitas outras. A concentração desse elemento na amêndoa varia de região para região onde a planta vegeta. Para redução do elevado valor energético e/ou calórico das amêndoas de castanha-do-Brasil, se faz necessário a obtenção da torta parcialmente ou completamente desengordurada, através da extração do material graxo. A torta apresenta PROCESSAMENTOS DE AMÊNDOA E TORTA DE CASTANHA-DO-BRASIL E FARINHA DE MANDIOCA: PARÂMETROS DE QUALIDADE 1Maria Luzenira de SOUZA 2 , Hilary Castle de MENEZES 3, * RESUMOA castanha-do-Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) e mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) são matérias-primas importantes que constituem a base de subsistência para os povos da região Amazônica. Devido à falta de incentivo às suas utilizações pela indústria de alimentos no mercado interno, buscou-se processar a castanha-do-Brasil para obtenção de amêndoa e torta, e de mandioca para obtenção de farinha, objetivando identificar parâmetros de qualidade que justificassem e incentivassem o apelo aos seus aproveitamentos. Os resultados mostraram que a negatividade de aflatoxinas na amêndoa e torta apontaram a alta qualidade do lote da castanha-do-Brasil em relação a segurança alimentar. Os teores encontrados de selênio 2,04mg/kg na amêndoa e 7,13mg/kg na torta, os percentuais de fibra alimentar de 8,02 na amêndoa, de 15,72 na torta e de 5,68 na farinha, proteína bruta de 40,23% na torta e carboidratos 79,33% na farinha, permitiram caracterizar o produto a base de castanha como protéico, rico em selênio e fibras; e o de mandioca como rico em carboidratos e fibras. A proteína bruta da amênd...

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Aflatoxin effects in livestock

Cited by 53 publications

References 11 publications

Withdrawal time required for clearance of aflatoxins from pig tissues

Withdrawal time required for clearance of aflatoxins from pig tissues

Growth of Broilers and Quail Fed Fusarium (Gibberella zeae)-Infected Corn and Zearalenone (F-2)

Processamentos de amêndoa e torta de castanha-do-Brasil e farinha de mandioca: parâmetros de qualidade

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