Aflatoxin B1: metabolism, toxicology, and its involvement in oxidative stress and cancer development

Cao, Weiya; Pan, Yingzi; Yang, Kepeng; Cao, Dongli

doi:10.1080/15376516.2021.2021339

Cited by 68 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…AFB1 and its metabolites also exhibit a number of toxic adverse effects, such as liver, kidney, spleen, brain, gut, skin, testis, and cardiac tissue toxicity, as well as mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity [ 19 , 20 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Importantly, the liver is the main target organ because the vast majority of AFB1 is metabolized by the liver.…”

Section: An Overview Of Afb1-induced Toxic Effects and Molecular Mech...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxidative stress is one of the critical molecular mechanisms of adverse effects caused by many toxic chemical hazards or drugs (e.g., heavy metals, mycotoxins, pesticides, chemotherapy drugs, and antibiotics) [ 88 ]. Multiple studies reported that AFB1 and its derivatives could trigger oxidative stress by inducing the formation of ROS or decreasing intracellular antioxidants or the activities of antioxidant enzymes [ 36 , 70 , 73 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 ]. In the liver tissues, the cytochrome (CYP)1A2 and CYP3A4 could bio-transform into AFBO, which is a harmful and extremely active, electrophilic metabolite.…”

Section: Curcumin’s Protective Role In Preventing Afb1-induced Toxici...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic AFB1 exposure may inhibit cell-mediated immunity and lymphoblastogenesis, cause delayed skin hypersensitivity, lose the graft-versus-host response, decrease the number of CD4 cells produced in the spleen, and increase the levels of heat-stable serum phagocytosis factors, all of which may contribute to the development of various inflammation-related diseases, such as HCC and inflammatory bowel disease [ 36 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 ]. Because of the immunosuppression, AFB1 exposure generally makes host cells more susceptible to infections caused by hepatitis B and C viruses, as well as the swine influenza virus [ 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 ].…”

Section: Curcumin’s Protective Role In Preventing Afb1-induced Toxici...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity and Protective Effects of Curcumin: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

et al. 2022

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One of the most significant classes of mycotoxins, aflatoxins (AFTs), can cause a variety of detrimental outcomes, including cancer, hepatitis, aberrant mutations, and reproductive issues. Among the 21 identified AFTs, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most harmful to humans and animals. The mechanisms of AFB1-induced toxicity are connected to the generation of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), upregulation of CYP450 activities, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, necrosis, and inflammatory response. Several signaling pathways, including p53, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Nrf2/ARE, NF-κB, NLRP3, MAPKs, and Wnt/β-catenin have been shown to contribute to AFB1-mediated toxic effects in mammalian cells. Curcumin, a natural product with multiple therapeutic activities (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and immunoregulation activities), could revise AFB1-induced harmful effects by targeting these pathways. Therefore, the potential therapeutic use of curcumin against AFB1-related side effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms are summarized. This review, in our opinion, advances significant knowledge, sparks larger discussions, and drives additional improvements in the hazardous examination of AFTs and detoxifying the application of curcumin.

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Section: An Overview Of Afb1-induced Toxic Effects and Molecular Mech...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Curcumin’s Protective Role In Preventing Afb1-induced Toxici...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Curcumin’s Protective Role In Preventing Afb1-induced Toxici...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity and Protective Effects of Curcumin: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

et al. 2022

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“…AFs are classified as AFB 1 , AFB 2 , AFG 1 , AFG 2 , AFM 1 , AFM 2 , AFP 1 , and AFQ 1 . AFB 1 is the most toxic with acute toxicity, teratogenicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity ( Cao et al, 2022 ). AFs are the most frequent contaminants of peanuts, corn, wheat, rice, nuts, milk, and their by-products ( Shi et al, 2018 ; Hajian et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Trametes versicolor aflatoxin B1-degrading enzyme (TV-AFB1D) and its application in the AFB1 degradation of contaminated rice in situ

Yang

Xiao²,

Shen³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contaminates rice during harvest or storage and causes a considerable risk to human and animal health. In this study, Trametes versicolor AFB1–degrading enzyme (TV–AFB1D) gene recombinantly expressed in engineered E. coli BL21 (DE3) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The TV–AFB1D enzymatic characteristics and AFB1 degradation efficiency in contaminated rice were investigated. Results showed that the size of recombinant TV-AFB1D expressing in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and S. cerevisiae was appropriately 77 KDa. The kinetic equation of TV-AFB1D was y = 0.01671x + 1.80756 (R2 = 0.994, Km = 9.24 mM, and Vmax = 553.23 mM/min). The Kcat and Kcat/Km values of TV-AFB1D were 0.07392 (s−1) and 8 M−1 s−1, respectively. The AFB1 concentration of contaminated rice decreased from 100 μg/ml to 32.6 μg/ml after treatment at 32°C for 5 h under the catabolism of TV-AFB1D. S. cerevisiae engineered strains carrying aldehyde oxidase 1 (AOX1) and Cauliflower mosaic virus 35 S (CaMV 35 S) promoters caused the residual AFB1 contents, respectively, decreased to 3.4 and 2.9 μg/g from the initial AFB1 content of 7.4 μg/g after 24 h of fermentation using AFB1-contaminated rice as substrate. The AFB1 degradation rates of S. cerevisiae engineered strains carrying AOX1 and CaMV promoters were 54 and 61%, respectively. Engineered S. cerevisiae strains integrated with TV-AFB1D expression cassettes were developed to simultaneously degrade AFB1 and produce ethanol using AFB1-contaminated rice as substrate. Thus, TV-AFB1D has significant application potential in the AFB1 decomposition from contaminated agricultural products.

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“…AFB1 is the best known of these due to its mutagenic and carcinogenic properties in both humans and animals. It is known to cause hepatocellular carcinoma, growth suppression, immune system modulation, and malnutrition [16]. High AFB1 rates recently found in various countries' food supplies, especially in Africa and Asia, indicate that populational exposure to this toxin largely still has no adequate control [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Mycotoxin Contamination Levels in Rice and Dietary Exposure Assessment

Troestch

Reyes

Vega

2022

Journal of Toxicology

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The contamination by aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone of samples of paddy and polished rice stored in silos located in Chiriquí, Panama, was evaluated. A total of 23 samples were extracted using immunoaffinity columns and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector (FLD) and post-column photochemical derivatization. For the method used, the detection limits were lower than 0.25 μg/Kg for aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2) and ochratoxin A and 9.35 μg/Kg for zearalenone; the limits of quantification were between 0.25 and 18.75 μg/Kg, respectively. Of the samples analyzed, all of the paddy rice samples were positive for at least one of the mycotoxins studied, zearalenone being the one found with the highest incidence (90.91%); for the polished rice samples, the mycotoxin with the highest incidence was zearalenone (50%), although in concentrations lower than those established in European legislation (100 μg/Kg). The estimate of the daily zearalenone intake according to the concentrations found was always less than 0.07 μg/Kg/bw. This is the first report on the determination of 6 mycotoxins in rice grains from Panama by the HPLC-FLD methodology. Considering the high incidence of mycotoxins in the analyzed rice samples, regular control in the production process is recommended to improve quality and ascertain its safety.

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Aflatoxin B1: metabolism, toxicology, and its involvement in oxidative stress and cancer development

Cited by 68 publications

References 159 publications

Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity and Protective Effects of Curcumin: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity and Protective Effects of Curcumin: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

Characterization of a Trametes versicolor aflatoxin B1-degrading enzyme (TV-AFB1D) and its application in the AFB1 degradation of contaminated rice in situ

Determination of Mycotoxin Contamination Levels in Rice and Dietary Exposure Assessment

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