Afforestation restoration of saline-sodic soil in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey using gypsum and sulfur

Yıldız, Oktay; Altundağ, Ernaz; Çetin, Bilal; Güner, Sinan; Sargıncı, Murat; Toprak, Bülent

doi:10.14214/sf.1579

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) is among the nitrogen-fixing species of plants (DeCant 2008). It may also increase the availability of soil nitrogen resources and microbial diversity in the rhizosphere (Yildiz et al 2017). Moreover, ecological studies conducted on this woody species have generally dealt with revegetation (Espeland et al 2017), afforestation restoration (Yildiz et al 2017), potential distribution and limiting climatic factors (Zhang et al 2018), and its status as a bird habitat (Mahoney et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It may also increase the availability of soil nitrogen resources and microbial diversity in the rhizosphere (Yildiz et al 2017). Moreover, ecological studies conducted on this woody species have generally dealt with revegetation (Espeland et al 2017), afforestation restoration (Yildiz et al 2017), potential distribution and limiting climatic factors (Zhang et al 2018), and its status as a bird habitat (Mahoney et al 2019). However, no studies to date have been conducted on ROS formation, ROS detoxification, or enzymes and antioxidant capacity under the combined effects of biostimulants such as AMF and humic substances in Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and K-Humate Combined as Biostimulants: Changes in Antioxidant Defense System and Radical Scavenging Capacity in Elaeagnus angustifolia

Torun

Toprak

2020

J Soil Sci Plant Nutr

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and potassium humate (KH) are separately known as significant biostimulants, but their combined effect on plants remains elusive. This study investigated the single and combined roles of AMF and KH on the antioxidant defense system in Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) leaves. Soil below the seeds was inoculated with indigenous AMF spores (Funneliformis, Claroideoglomus; 500 spores per seed). The KH (1.5 g/ per 1 kg of seed) was applied during sowing. Growth, leaf-water ratio, chlorophyll fluorescence, lipid peroxidation, H 2 O 2 content, antioxidant enzymes, and antioxidant capacity were analyzed in treated and untreated plants. Combined AMF and KH applications had a greater recovery effect on vegetative organ growth than separate treatments. With combined treatment, plants maintained leaf water status and chlorophyll fluorescence, while peroxidation of lipid membranes and H 2 O 2 content was reduced. Moreover, increases in superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activity prevented cellular damage from reactive oxygen species. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity values were remarkably higher in plants grown under the combined treatment. As a result, compared with their separate applications, a combination of AMF and KH enhanced the antioxidant defense system by increasing antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant capacity and, thus, could be used to enhance plant growth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and K-Humate Combined as Biostimulants: Changes in Antioxidant Defense System and Radical Scavenging Capacity in Elaeagnus angustifolia

Torun

Toprak

2020

J Soil Sci Plant Nutr

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“…Gypsum (CaSO 4 •2H 2 O) is the most common amendment to reclaim sodic soils and to reduce sodium from the soil profile [8]. Gypsum is also a source of sulfur and calcium to plants, is moderately soluble in water, and is affordable for farmers in developing countries [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reclaiming Tropical Saline-Sodic Soils with Gypsum and Cow Manure

Filho

Dias

Suddarth

et al. 2019

Water

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Saline-sodic soils are a major impediment for agricultural production in semi-arid regions. Salinity and sodicity drastically reduce agricultural crop yields, damage farm equipment, jeopardize food security, and render soils unusable for agriculture. However, many farmers in developing semi-arid regions cannot afford expensive amendments to reclaim saline-sodic soils. Furthermore, existing research does not cover soil types (e.g., Luvisols and Lixisols) that are found in many semi-arid regions of South America. Therefore, we used percolation columns to evaluate the effect of inexpensive chemical and organic amendments (gypsum and cow manure) on the reclamation of saline-sodic soils in the northeast of Brazil. Soil samples from two layers (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm in depth) were collected and placed in percolation columns. Then, we applied gypsum into the columns, with and without cow manure. The experiment followed a complete randomized design with three replications. The chemical amendment treatments included a control and four combinations of gypsum and cow manure. Percolation columns were subjected to a constant flood layer of 55 mm. We evaluated the effectiveness of sodic soil reclamation treatments via changes in soil hydraulic conductivity, chemical composition (cations and anions), electrical conductivity of the saturated soil-paste extract, pH, and the exchangeable sodium percentage. These results suggest that the combined use of gypsum and cow manure is better to reduce soil sodicity, improve soil chemical properties, and increase water infiltration than gypsum alone. Cow manure at 40 ton ha−1 was better than at 80 ton ha−1 to reduce the sodium adsorption ratio.

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“…Tree and shrub species that are resistant to arid and semiarid conditions and capable of fixing nitrogen should considered by regional authorities since they may contribute significantly to organic matter content and soil fertility. For example, nitrogen-fixing species such as Russian olive can significantly contribute to the N pool (Yildiz et al, 2017). Multipurpose species that also provide nonwood products have several advantages.…”

Section: Selection Of Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, afforestation in arid and semiarid areas increases carbon sequestration and mitigates climate change. (Uslu, 1970;Odabaşı and Boydak, 1984;Yaltırık, 1984;Boydak, 1986;Ürgenç, 1998;Yildiz et al, 2017 Ürgenç (1998), 4 Recommended by Yılmaz et al (2013) …”

Section: Selection Of Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Afforestation of arid and semiarid ecosystems in Turkey

Çalışkan¹,

Boydak²

2017

Turk J Agric For

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Deforestation in the arid and semiarid regions was followed by the formation of anthropogenic forests to anthropogenic steppes. Where degradation continues, steppes can turn into "anthropogenic deserts" across a wide range of landform features: plains, plateaus, or rugged mountains and hills (Boydak, 1997;Boydak and Çalışkan, 2015). Soils in most of these barren lands were compacted by over 50 years of intensive grazing accompanied by topsoil loss caused by water and wind erosion. Despite centuries of human activity, ninety percent of the forests in Turkey are 'native' (not planted) in origin and contain over 450 tree and shrub species (Mayer and Aksoy, 1998;Çolak and Rotherham, 2006).The Anatolian landscape was composed of 60%-70% forest and 10%-15% steppe 4000 years ago (Davis, 1965(Davis, -1988. The OGM (2014) stated that overgrazing, overcutting, fires, agriculture clearing, wars, and other misuse of the land have decreased the forest area to 26% while increasing the steppe area to 24% (Mayer and Aksoy, 1998;Çolak and Rotherham, 2006), but Uslu (1959) claimed that about half of the steppes in Central Anatolia are "anthropogenic. " Despite these differences, it is probable that up to half of the steppes in the Central Anatolia region possess "anthropogenic" characteristics Çalışkan, 2014, 2015).Forestlands in Turkey are thought to have declined from 50 million ha (Ürgenç, 1998) prior to human settlement to 21.7 million ha by 2012 (Boydak and Çalışkan, 2014). The Turkish Forest Service has afforested 3.5 million ha of land since 1945 mainly in the arid and semiarid regions, thereby enlarging the country's forest area. According to the 2014 report by the Turkish Ministry of Forest and Water Affairs, Turkey's forest area increased by about 1.5 million ha from 1972 to 2012. On the other hand, the current annual raw wood material consumption was about 40.7 million m 3 in 2014 (Boydak and Çalışkan, 2014).Turkey is one of the major floral regions in the world, with more than 12,000 taxa of herbaceous and woody species, of which 3500 species are endemic (Ekim et al., 2000). Turkey contains three important main vegetation zones and intersections of these zones: Euro-Siberian, Irano-Turanian, and Mediterranean vegetation zones (Figure 1). The rich vegetation in Turkey is because of its geographic location and the different climate and subclimate types. Turkey is located in the transition of temperate and tropical climates, containing the Asian continental and Eastern Mediterranean zones (Oliver, 1983;Boydak et al., 1995). The many climate and

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Afforestation restoration of saline-sodic soil in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey using gypsum and sulfur

Abstract: B. (2017). Afforestation restoration of saline-sodic soil in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey using gypsum and sulfur.

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and K-Humate Combined as Biostimulants: Changes in Antioxidant Defense System and Radical Scavenging Capacity in Elaeagnus angustifolia

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and K-Humate Combined as Biostimulants: Changes in Antioxidant Defense System and Radical Scavenging Capacity in Elaeagnus angustifolia

Reclaiming Tropical Saline-Sodic Soils with Gypsum and Cow Manure

Afforestation of arid and semiarid ecosystems in Turkey

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