Affordance-Based Control of Visually Guided Action

Fajen, Brett R.

doi:10.1080/10407410701557877

Cited by 155 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The current work in throwing extends the approach to understanding affordances in terms of dynamics as well (e.g. Bingham & Muchisky, 1995;Zhu & Bingham, 2008; see also Fajen, 2007 for a related discussion).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Using task dynamics to quantify the affordances of throwing for long distance and accuracy.

Wilson

Weightman

Bingham

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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In 2 experiments, the current study explored how affordances structure throwing for long distance and accuracy. In Experiment 1, 10 expert throwers (from baseball, softball, and cricket) threw regulation tennis balls to hit a vertically oriented 4 ft ϫ 4 ft target placed at each of 9 locations (3 distances ϫ 3 heights). We measured their release parameters (angle, speed, and height) and showed that they scaled their throws in response to changes in the target's location. We then simulated the projectile motion of the ball and identified a continuous subspace of release parameters that produce hits to each target location. Each subspace describes the affordance of our target to be hit by a tennis ball moving in a projectile motion to the relevant location. The simulated affordance spaces showed how the release parameter combinations required for hits changed with changes in the target location. The experts tracked these changes in their performance and were successful in hitting the targets. We next tested unusual (horizontal) targets that generated correspondingly different affordance subspaces to determine whether the experts would track the affordance to generate successful hits. Do the experts perceive the affordance? They do. In Experiment 2, 5 cricketers threw to hit either vertically or horizontally oriented targets and successfully hit both, exhibiting release parameters located within the requisite affordance subspaces. We advocate a task dynamical approach to the study of affordances as properties of objects and events in the context of tasks as the future of research in this area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Using task dynamics to quantify the affordances of throwing for long distance and accuracy.

Wilson

Weightman

Bingham

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to Dreyfus, it is the more subtle and refined perception of what a situation affords that distinguishes an expert from a beginner. This view is reminiscent of what ecological psychologists have described as affordance-based control (e. g., Fajen, 2007). Consequently, goalkeeping expertise in penalty kicking would be more completely, and perhaps more accurately, conceived in terms of affordance-based control, rather than by recourse to rules.…”

Section: The Leading Approach: Saving Penalty Kicks Is a Perceptual Smentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Affordance-based control theory asserts that actions are controlled by the perception of affordances (Fajen, 2005(Fajen, , 2007Fajen, Riley, & Turvey, 2008). Affordances are the possible actions that a situation offers (Gibson, 1979).…”

Section: The Affordance-based Control Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using affordance-based control as the background theory (Fajen, 2005(Fajen, , 2007, we propose a model that aims to capture that stopping a penalty kick not only requires goalkeepers to get at the right place but also requires them to get there at the right time. Significantly, the model also aims to account for the goalkeepers' action capabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Goalkeeping in the soccer penalty kick

Kamp

Dicks

Navia

et al. 2018

Ger J Exerc Sport Res

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“…The visual system's use of this information is twofold; it informs the visual guidance of action and is the basis for explicit perceptual experience. There is evidence that the visual system acts directly on changes in visual angles to guide action (for a review, see Fajen, 2007; Kamp, Oudejans, & Savelsbergh, 2003). However, our explicit perceptual experience cannot be comprised in these angular units.…”

Section: The Body As a Perceptual Rulermentioning

confidence: 99%

A Socio-Ecological Approach to Perception

Gross

Proffítt

2014

PSYCHOLOGIA -An International Journal of Psychological Sciences

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Our conscious visual experience of the environment is derived from optical information consisting of an ever-changing distribution of light specified in angular units. To transform these units into linear spatial units appropriate for the specification of spatial extents, the visual system needs geometry and a ruler to scale the information. We review the evidence that perceptual rulers derive from the body's phenotype, which is comprised of our morphology, physiology, and behavioral repertoire. We then propose that perception is also scaled relative to the socioecological environment. In this account, social resources affect perception by extending or contracting the relevant physiological ruler. Additionally, we suggest the human ecology functions to select the relevant perceptual ruler. Finally, we highlight research on individual differences as a useful method to further investigate these issues. In moving forward, a complete account of visual perception must necessarily include the socio-ecological environment.eey wodss: K visual perception, social resources, perceptual scaling, socio-ecological environmentThe information for visual perception consists of optic flow and ocular-motor adjustments, both of which consist of angular units. In order to transform these angular units into linear units appropriate for the perception of distance and size, the visual system must make use of geometry and rulers. Our embodied approach to perception contends that the body's phenotype, consisting of morphology, physiology, and behavior, provides the rulers by which spatial perceptions are scaled (Proffitt & Linkenauger, 2013). Depending on one's goals in a particular environment, different aspects of the body become relevant perceptual rulers. Picking up an object, for example, makes hand size relevant, whereas reaching to a location implicates arm's length. In the current paper, we review our embodied approach to perception, and in particular, discuss how walkable extents are scaled to the physiological resources required to traverse the extent. We then consider how social resources function to augment or deplete the resources available for locomotion, and thereby, contribute to the scaling of walkable extents. Given the inherent variability in peoples' phenotypes, we favor an individual differences approach to investigating socioecological effects in perception.

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Affordance-Based Control of Visually Guided Action

Cited by 155 publications

References 59 publications

Using task dynamics to quantify the affordances of throwing for long distance and accuracy.

Using task dynamics to quantify the affordances of throwing for long distance and accuracy.

Goalkeeping in the soccer penalty kick

A Socio-Ecological Approach to Perception

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