Affinity-based biosensors as promising tools for gene doping detection

Minunni, Maria; Scarano, Simona; Mascini, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2008.02.005

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…For ex vivo gene therapy, stem cells are removed as in the case of patients with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) and a therapeutic gene is introduced in vitro 9 23 24. The genetically modified stem cells are then injected back into the patient's bone marrow.…”

Section: From Gene Therapy To Gene Dopingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since GH increases muscle strength,75 it could be used to increase athletic performances in sports where strength is important 23 75. In endurance sports when energy is scarce, GH promotes the use of lipids as fuel to conserve protein storage 74 76…”

Section: Growth Hormonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Autocrine VEGF released by endothelial cells, regulates vessel homeostasis by acting as a survival factor for endothelial cells. Paracrine VEGF produced by any hypoxic cell stimulates vessel branching 5 23 44 95–98. New capillary branches need additional hormones to become fully grown stable vessels 98.…”

Section: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gene doping: an overview and current implications for athletes

et al. 2013

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The possibility of gene doping, defined as the transfer of nucleic acid sequences and/or the use of normal or genetically modified cells to enhance sport performance, is a real concern in sports medicine. The abuse of knowledge and techniques gained in the area of gene therapy is a form of doping, and is prohibited for competitive athletes. As yet there is no conclusive evidence that that gene doping has been practiced in sport. However, given that gene therapy techniques improve continuously, the likelihood of abuse will increase. A literature search was conducted to identify the most relevant proteins based on their current gene doping potential using articles from Pubmed, Scopus and Embase published between 2006 and 2011. The final list of selected proteins were erythropoietin, insulin-like growth factor, growth hormone, myostatin, vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, endorphin and enkephalin, α actinin 3, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta (PPARδ) and cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C). We discuss these proteins with respect to their potential benefits, existing gene therapy experience in humans, potential risks, and chances of detection in current and future anti-doping controls. We have identified PPARδ and PEPCK-C as having high potential for abuse. But we expect that for efficiency reasons, there will be a preference for inserting gene target combinations rather than single gene doping products. This will also further complicate detection.

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Section: From Gene Therapy To Gene Dopingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Growth Hormonementioning

confidence: 99%

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Gene doping: an overview and current implications for athletes

et al. 2013

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“…ABB based on use of oligonucleotide probes specific for the endogene-ous sequence. It can be used to detect the recombinant protein by utilizing specific antibodies (Minunni, Scarano, & Mascini, 2008).…”

Section: Detection Of Gene Dopingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genska Terapija I Njena Implikacija U Sportu

Vitošević¹

2011

sgia

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Zahvaljujući uspješnom projektu "Genoma čovjeka"(the Human Genome Project) i identifikovanju gena uključenih u genetska oboljenja, ukazale su se mogućnosti za liječenje mnogih bolesti. Ali otkrivanje gena koji kodiraju određene fizičke karakteristike, otvorilo je put manipulacijama u oblasti sporta i fizičkog vježbanja. Principi genske terapije i načini prenošenja gena su potpuno preuzeti iz genske terapije i koriste se za povećanje fizičkih sposobnosti sportista. Najčešći geni koji se koriste od strane sportista su: ACE gen, ACTN3 gen, miostatin, eritropoetin gen, PPAR-delta itd. Zloupotreba ovih gena u cilju povećanja fizičkih sposobnosti već se infiltrirala u oblasti sporta i veoma je teško otkriti je, jer su unijeti geni ili sekvence gena proteinske prirode i već postoje u organizmu. S druge strane, virusi kao vektori prenosa gena napadaju i uništavaju imuni sistem, reakcija organizma može biti negativna i postoji realna opasnost od insercione mutageneze i pojave onkogena. Realno, genska terapija bi mogla da bude mnogo korisnija u tretiranju sportskih povreda, ali su i ove procedure još uvijek daleko od kliničke prakse. Postoji jasna granica između terapije genima i genskog dopinga kod sportista. Porast određenih faktora će sigurno poboljšati oporavak, ali se dešava da naglašavanje ovih faktora povećava jačinu kostiju i tetiva, što takmičarima daje prednost. Kao prvo potrebno je što bolje upoznati sportiste sa negativnim posljedicama primjene genske terapije. Pobjeda i slava jesu jaki argu-menti, ali zdravlje ovih mladih ljudi, poštovanje osnovnih moralnih i etičkih principa, humanost, "fer plej" igra imaju trajniju vrijednost i predstavljaju onaj teži teg na vagi

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“…The SELEX methodology is a screening technique that involves the progressive selection of highly specific ligands by repeated rounds of partition and amplification from a large combinatorial nucleic acid library, cycling of the selection and amplification procedure is continued until a selected goal is achieved (Yang et al 2007). Recently, aptamers have been studied widely in analytical systems (Buchanan et al 2003;Deng et al 2001;Clark et al 2003;O'Sullivan et al 2002;Tombelli et al 2005;Minunni et al 2004), medical therapy (Minunni, Scarano, and Mascini 2008), and environmental analysis (Baines and Colas 2006) fields. However, according to the published papers, few studies have been conducted on enzyme immobilization based on aptamer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immobilization of Chymotrypsin on Silica Beads Based on High Affinity and Specificity Aptamer and Its Applications

Xiao

Deng

2012

Analytical Letters

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Aptamers with high affinity and specificity to targets, bring new approaches to immobilizing proteins or enzymes. In this work, a group of single-stranded DNA aptamers specific for chymotrypsin were obtained by SELEX method in vitro. After investigation and characterization of all aptamers, AptC.1 (abbreviation for the aptamer with the highest affinity for chymotrypsin) was selected and grafted onto silica matrix with the help of glutaraldehyde as linker, and used subsequently to immobilize chymotrypsin. Specifically, it is shown in experiment that, 12.65 lg of chymotrypsin could be immobilized on 10 mg of AptC.1-Silica in 10 mM pH 8.0 borate solutions, and the activity of immobilized enzyme was not inhibited. Bovine serum albumin, myoglobin and cytochrome c were introduced to investigate the enzymatic performance of prepared immobilized chymotrypsin reactor. All these results demonstrated that aptamer could serve as a potential medium for the immobilization of proteins or enzymes.

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Affinity-based biosensors as promising tools for gene doping detection

Cited by 27 publications

References 43 publications

Gene doping: an overview and current implications for athletes

Gene doping: an overview and current implications for athletes

Genska Terapija I Njena Implikacija U Sportu

Immobilization of Chymotrypsin on Silica Beads Based on High Affinity and Specificity Aptamer and Its Applications

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