Affective, Natural Interaction Using EEG: Sensors, Application and Future Directions

Abstract

Abstract. ElectroEncephaloGraphy signals have been studied in relation to emotion even prior to the establishment of Affective Computing as a research area. Technological advancements in the sensor and network communication technology allowed EEG collection during interaction with low obtrusiveness levels as opposed to earlier work which classified physiological signals as the most obtrusive modality in affective analysis. The current article provides a critical survey of research work dealing with broadly affective analysis of EEG signals collected during natural or naturalistic interaction. It focuses on sensors that allow such natural interaction (namely NeuroSky and Emotiv), related technological features and affective aspects of applications in several application domains. These aspects include emotion representation approach, induction method and stimuli and annotation chosen for the application. Additionally, machine learning issues related to affective analysis (such as incorporation of multiple modalities and related issues, feature selection for dimensionality reduction and classification architectures) are revised. Finally, future directions of EEG incorporation in affective and natural interaction are discussed.

Users’ reactions captured by means of an EEG headset on viewing the presentation of sustainable designs using verbal narrative

“…Indeed, EEG has been used in the research and medical fields for about 80 years (Hondrou and Caridakis, 2012). The use of EEG devices to detect the electrical activity of the brain, however, is becoming increasingly popular in other areas of research, as it does not require any kind of physical effort by the user (Harrison, 2013).…”

Modeling Human Emotions as Reactions to a Dynamical Virtual 3D Face

“…Plenty of bio-signals are used for human state monitoring (Zisook et al, 2013;Suprijanto et al, 2009;Raudonis et al, 2012). EEG-based signals are used because of their reliability and quick response (Sourina and Liu, 2011;Hondrou and Caridakis, 2012). A number of systems and methods are used for emotion recognition, but not so many for emotion control in virtual environment (Hoey et al, 2013;Khushaba et al, 2012).…”

Incorporación de nuevos escenarios de uso en el proceso de diseño (SIPD): propuesta metodológica y valoración de la percepción de los usuarios

“…Finalmente otra característica importante medida en estudios de EEG son los potenciales eventos evocados (ERP), que son las respuestas del cerebro como resultado directo de un pensamiento o percepción, y más concretamente la señal P300 que es uno de los componentes de un ERP provocados por estímulos de tareas relevantes (Hondrou & Caridakis, 2012).…”

“…Para ello se propone el uso de EEG para medir y detectar las emociones. EEG se ha utilizado en los campos de investigación y médicos en los años 80 (Hondrou & Caridakis, 2012). Hasta hace poco el EEG ha sido difícil de obtener y extremadamente costoso.…”

“…NeuroSky es otro EEG liviano de bajo costo que está disponible para su compra pública. NeuroSky tiene un rango de frecuencia ligeramente más grande (0,5-50HZ) que la que se puede obtener con Emotiv EPOC (0.2-43HZ) (Hondrou & Caridakis, 2012). NeuroSky mide la atención, la meditación, la ansiedad y somnolencia.…”