Aetiology of diarrhoea in young calves

Snodgrass, D. R.; Terzolo, Horacio Raúl; Sherwood, D; Campbell, Iain; Menzies, J D; Synge, B.A.

doi:10.1136/vr.119.2.31

Cited by 190 publications

(189 citation statements)

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“…The origin and the pathogenicity of these atypical ETEC is unclear. In contrast to other reports [26,27], ETEC was detected with similar frequencies in all age groups (0-45 days) and no association between infection and diarrhoea was found. Thus, it seems possible that these strains could act as a reservoir of virulence factors more than as pathogens.…”

Section: Clinical Characteristics Of the Outbreakscontrasting

confidence: 54%

Role of enteric pathogens in the aetiology of neonatal diarrhoea in lambs and goat kids in Spain

et al. 1996

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SUMMARYFaeces samples from diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic lambs and goat kids aged 1-45 days were examined for enteric pathogens. Cryptosporidium parvum was detected in both diarrhoeic lambs (45 %) and goat kids (42%) but not in non-diarrhoeic animals. F5+ (K99+) and/or F41+ Escherichia coli strains were isolated from 26% and 22 % of the diarrhoeic lambs and goat kids, respectively, although these strains, which did not produce enterotoxins ST I or LT I, were found with similar frequencies in non-diarrhoeic animals. A F5-F41 -ST I' E. coli strain was isolated from a diarrhoeic lamb (0-6%). Verotoxigenic E. coli was isolated from both diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic lambs (4-1 % and 8&2 %, respectively) and there was no association between infection and diarrhoea. The prevalence of group A rotavirus infection in diarrhoeic lambs was very low (2 1 %). Groups A and B rotaviruses were detected in three (8-1 %) and five (13-5 %) diarrhoeic goat kids from two single outbreaks. Group C rotaviruses were detected in four non-diarrhoeic goat kids. An association of diarrhoea and infection was demonstrated only for group B rotavirus. Clostridium perfringens was isolated from 10-8 % of the diarrhoeic goat kids but not from non-diarrhoeic goat kids or lambs. Salmonella arizonae was isolated from a diarrhoeic goat kid (2-7 %) and the clinical characteristics of the outbreaks where these two latter enteropathogens were found different from the rest. Picobirnaviruses were detected in a diarrhoeic lamb. No coronaviruses were detected using a bovine coronavirus ELISA. No evidence was found of synergistic effect between the agents studied. Enteric pathogens were not found in four (8-7 %) and three (20%) outbreaks of diarrhoea in lambs and goat kids, respectively.

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Section: Clinical Characteristics Of the Outbreakscontrasting

confidence: 54%

Role of enteric pathogens in the aetiology of neonatal diarrhoea in lambs and goat kids in Spain

et al. 1996

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“…Previous studies also showed no association between Cryptosporidium spp. infection and diarrhea in cattle [24,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Bovine Torovirus in Fecal Specimens of Calves with Diarrhea in Japan

et al. 2007

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ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bovine torovirus (BoTV) in bovine fecal samples and to determine whether a relationship exists between BoTV and diarrhea in Japan. Ninety-nine diarrheic and 114 normal fecal samples from calves in Hokkaido Prefecture and 38 diarrheic fecal samples from calves in 10 other prefectures were examined by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with primers designed in the spike (S) gene for the presence of BoTV. The specimens were also examined for the presence of other enteric pathogens, bovine rotavirus, coronavirus and Cryptosporidium spp. BoTV RNA was detected in 15 (15.2%) of the 99 diarrheic samples from Hokkaido and in 9 (23.7%) of the 38 diarrheic samples from the other prefectures. The incidence of BoTV in control specimens was 7.0%. In 11 of the 15 BoTV-positive specimens from Hokkaido, BoTV was the only pathogen detected among those examined, and 11 BoTV-positive specimens were obtained from calves less than 2 weeks of age. Rotavirus was confirmed to be associated with calf diarrhea, but coronavirus and Cryptosporidium spp. were not. Nucleotide sequences of 17 different BoTV RT-PCR products were determined. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences revealed that Japanese BoTVs could be classified into at least two groups. This study showed that BoTV is a common virus in fecal specimens of calves with diarrhea in Japan and may be an important pathogen of cattle, principally in young calves less than 2 weeks of age.

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“…It is involved in the etiology of neonatal diarrhea in calves and winter dysentery of adult cows in many countries, including Brazil (3,9,16,18). It may also be involved in infections of the respiratory tract in calves (2,20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) in monolayers of HmLu-1 cells

Jerez¹,

Gregori²,

Brandão³

et al. 2005

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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Isolation of BCoV was performed in monolayers of HmLu-1 cells, using 20 fecal samples from clinical cases of diarrhea in calves. Samples were positive for BCoV by means of hemagglutination / hemagglutination inhibition (HA/HI). Up to the fifth serial passage, 13 of these isolates presented syncytial cytopathic effect, similar to Kakegawa standard strain. When isolates were submitted to seroneutralization with gammaglobulin antibovine coronavirus, 8 of them were considered to be positive, once cytopathic effect was neutralized. After titration and seroneutralization in microplates, only three of them were confirmed as positive. The lineage HmLu-1 showed higher permissivity to BCoV isolation, but the low intensity of viral replication demonstrated that new methodologies should be developed for this purpose and then submitted to confirmation of isolation by means of seroneutralization.

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Aetiology of diarrhoea in young calves

Cited by 190 publications

References 0 publications

Role of enteric pathogens in the aetiology of neonatal diarrhoea in lambs and goat kids in Spain

Role of enteric pathogens in the aetiology of neonatal diarrhoea in lambs and goat kids in Spain

Detection of Bovine Torovirus in Fecal Specimens of Calves with Diarrhea in Japan

Isolation of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) in monolayers of HmLu-1 cells

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