Aetiology of community-acquired, acute gastroenteritis in hospitalised adults: a prospective cohort study

Jansen, Andreas; Stark, Klaus; Kunkel, Jan; Schreier, E.; Ignatius, Ralf; Liesenfeld, Oliver; Werber, Dirk; Göbel, Ulf B.; Zeitz, Martin; Schneider, Thomas

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-8-143

Cited by 77 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This is confirmed by community studies showing that rotavirus infection was shed by mild sporadic cases of diarrhea not necessitating hospitalization or asymptomatic subjects, spanning all ages [22]. In the UK, rotavirus-specific IgM was detected in the normal adult population with no seasonal trend [23], suggesting constant circulation of the virus among adults independent on the winter peak of disease typical for children.…”

Section: Serotypes Genotypes and Immunitysupporting

confidence: 59%

Vaccine preventable viral diseases and risks associated with waterborne transmission

Ruggeri

Fiore

2012

Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanità

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Abstract. Rotavirus and poliovirus are paradigmatic viruses for causing major diseases affecting the human population. The impact of poliovirus is remarkably diminished because of vaccination during the last half century. Poliomyelitis due to wild polio currently affects a limited number of countries, and since 2000 sporadic outbreaks have been associated to neurovirulent vaccine-derived polioviruses. Conversely, rotavirus is presently very diffuse, accounting for the largest fraction of severe gastroenteritis among children <5 years-old. Vaccination towards rotavirus is still in its dawn, and zoonotic strains contribute to the emergence and evolution of novel strains pathogenic to man. The environment, particularly surface water, is a possible vehicle for large transmission of both viruses, but environmental surveillance of circulating strains can help promptly monitor entry of new virulent strains into a country, their shedding and spread.Key words: rotavirus, poliovirus, vaccine, waterborne transmission, surveillance. Riassunto (Malattie virali prevenibili con la vaccinazione e rischi associati alla trasmissione idrica).Rotavirus e poliovirus sono virus paradigmatici nel causare malattie importanti della popolazione umana. L'impatto dei poliovirus è diminuito marcatamente durante mezzo secolo di vaccinazione. La poliomielite dovuta a polio selvaggio affligge solo un limitato numero di paesi, e dal 2000 epidemie sporadiche sono state associate a poliovirus nerurovirulenti vaccino-derivati. Al contrario, rotavirus è oggi molto diffuso, essendo implicato nella maggiore parte dei casi di gastroenterite grave nei bambini di meno di 5 anni. La vaccinazione contro i rotavirus è ancora agli albori, e ceppi zoonotici contribuiscono all'emergenza ed evoluzione di nuovi ceppi patogeni per l'uomo. L'ambiente, in particolare le acque superficiali, è un possibile veicolo per la trasmissione di entrambi i virus, ma la sorveglianza ambientale dei ceppi circolanti può aiutare a monitorare prontamente l'ingresso di nuovi ceppi virulenti in un paese, il loro rilascio e diffusione.

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Section: Serotypes Genotypes and Immunitysupporting

confidence: 59%

Vaccine preventable viral diseases and risks associated with waterborne transmission

Ruggeri

Fiore

2012

Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanità

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“…It should be noted that these additional 12 samples with positive results were also subcultured from the EntericBio broths onto Preston agar (incubated at 37 and 42°C) but did not result in any positive culture results. The finding that the currently used culture-based methods may miss a substantial proportion of Campylobacter infections has been noted previously (6). It probably reflects the detection of Campylobacter cells in metabolic states that are less amenable to culture on selective media, whether they be damaged, viable but nonculturable, or dead (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparison of the EntericBio Multiplex PCR System with Routine Culture for Detection of Bacterial Enteric Pathogens

2009

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The EntericBio system uses a multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of Campylobacter spp., Salmonella enterica, Shigella spp., and Escherichia coli O157 from feces. It combines overnight broth enrichment with PCR amplification and detection by hybridization. An evaluation of this system was conducted by comparing the results obtained with the system with those obtained by routine culture, supplemented with alternative PCR detection methods. In a study of 773 samples, routine culture and the EntericBio system yielded 94.6 and 92.4% negative results, respectively. Forty-two samples had positive results by culture, and all of these were positive with the EntericBio system. This system detected an additional 17 positive samples (Campylobacter spp., n ‫؍‬ 12; Shigella spp., n ‫؍‬ 1; E. coli O157, n ‫؍‬ 4), but the results for 5 samples (Campylobacter spp., n ‫؍‬ 2; Shigella spp., n ‫؍‬ 1; E. coli O157, n ‫؍‬ 2) could not be confirmed. The target for Shigella spp. detected by the EntericBio system is the ipaH gene, and the molecular indication of the presence of Shigella spp. was investigated by sequence analysis, which confirmed that the ipaH gene was present in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from the patient. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 100%, 99.3%, 91.5%, and 100%, respectively. Turnaround times were significantly reduced with the EntericBio system, and a result was available between 24 and 32 h after receipt of the sample in the laboratory. In addition, the amount of laboratory waste was significantly reduced by use of this system. In summary, the EntericBio system proved convenient to use, more sensitive than the conventional culture used in this study, and highly specific; and it generated results significantly faster than routine culture for the pathogens tested.

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“…Since cultural isolation of Campylobacter spp. may yield a considerable rate of falsenegative results [2,7] and PCR could not be performed in the present study, we calculated the positive and negative percent agreement (PPA and NPA, respectively) with 95% confi dence interval (95% CI) between the assays and culture.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The infection with this microorganism is one of the leading causes of hospitalization of adults [2], while Campylobacter coli, which causes similar clinical symptoms, is less frequently detected than C. jejuni. Campylobacter spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cultural isolation, however, may fail since Campylobacter spp. are rather fastidious microorganisms, and the infection can be verifi ed retrospectively in such cases by serology [2]. Therefore, novel assays based on the detection of specifi c antigens have been developed, which can be performed rapidly, are independent from the bacterial viability and thus also suited for the analysis of frozen samples, and have consequently gained increasing attention in routine microbiology [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accurate detection ofCampylobacterspp. antigens by immunochromatography and enzyme immunoassay in routine microbiological laboratory

Regnath¹,

Ignatius²

2014

European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology

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Campylobacter spp. are fastidious microorganisms, and their detection by culture depends on the freshness of the stool sample and the skills of the laboratory staff. To improve laboratory diagnosis, assays for the detection of specific antigens have been developed. Here, we evaluated two assays for the detection of Campylobacter spp.-specific antigens, i.e., one immunochromatographic test and one enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA), in 38 frozen Campylobacter spp.-positive specimens and prospectively in 533 fresh stool samples with a conventional enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and culture.Both assays were positive for 36 samples with Campylobacter jejuni and one with Campylobacter coli among 38 Campylobacter spp.-positive frozen samples. One Campylobacter lari-positive sample was identified by the immunochromatographic assay (ICA) only. In a prospective study performed within the course of routine microbiology, both assays were positive for 24/25 C. jejuni culture-positive samples (positive percent agreement, 96.0% [95% CI: 78.9-100%]). ICA and EIA also were positive for 14 and 10 culture-negative samples, respectively (negative percent agreement: ICA, 97.2% [95% CI: 95.4-98.4%]; EIA, 98.0% [95% CI: 96.4-99.0%]). In conclusion, the high agreement between both antigen-detection assays and culture indicates that both assays may be initially performed followed by culture only upon a positive test result.

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Aetiology of community-acquired, acute gastroenteritis in hospitalised adults: a prospective cohort study

Cited by 77 publications

References 15 publications

Vaccine preventable viral diseases and risks associated with waterborne transmission

Vaccine preventable viral diseases and risks associated with waterborne transmission

Comparison of the EntericBio Multiplex PCR System with Routine Culture for Detection of Bacterial Enteric Pathogens

Accurate detection ofCampylobacterspp. antigens by immunochromatography and enzyme immunoassay in routine microbiological laboratory

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