AES studies of antimony surface segregation in non-oriented silicon steel

Jenko, M.; Vodopivec, F.; Praček, B.; Godec, Matjaž; Steiner, D.

doi:10.1016/0304-8853(94)90533-9

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It has been experimentally confirmed by several authors that the addition of about 100 ppm of antimony can affect the magnetic properties of silicon steel, simply by enrichment at surfaces and/or grain boundaries (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). This enrichment affects recrystallization, producing an increase in the number of fenite grains with soft magnetic lattice space orientation in the sheet plane and in this way improves the magnetic properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Influence of Antimony on the Texture and Properties of 2% Si, 0.3% Al Steel for Non-Oriented Sheet

et al. 1995

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The effect of additions of antimony (0.05% Sb) to silicon steel on the improvement of the electrical properties of non-oriented steel sheet was investigated. Measurements of surface segregation of Sb were performed under UHV conditions in the temperature range from 450 to 900 OC, using AES and TDS. Maximum equilibrium surface segregation of antimony was determined at 700 OC. At higher temperatures, T> 800°C, the desorption of antimony from the surface was measured. The grain boundary segregation was negligible and we can conclude that the texture formation, rich in (100) grains, results from the effect of the orientation dependent surface segregation of Sb. This segregation causes differences in surface energies and the stability of different grains. Controlled surface segregation promotes selective grain growth improving the electrical properties of non-oriented steel sheet.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Influence of Antimony on the Texture and Properties of 2% Si, 0.3% Al Steel for Non-Oriented Sheet

et al. 1995

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“…are generally deleterious. 5 However, positive effects of doping with Sb, Sn and Se have been observed and studied at the Institute of Metals and Technology, Ljubljana, and at Max-Planck-Institute for Iron Research (MPIE), Düsseldorf. 2 -6 Impurities Sb, Sn and Se have a strong tendency to surface segregation on iron and FeSi alloys; such segregation can affect the texture of these alloys and can improve the electrical properties of silicon steels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of selenium surface segregation on the texture of a selenium-doped FeSi alloy

Jenko

Fine

Mandrino

2000

Surf. Interface Anal.

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High-resolution Auger electron spectroscopy has been used to study selenium surface segregation on an Sedoped FeSi alloy. The surface segregation of Se and impurities such as C, P and S was measured in situ in the analysis chamber of an Auger spectrometer under ultrahigh vacuum conditions in the temperature range 200-850°C. At elevated temperatures (T ≥ 850°C), co-segregation of Se and S was observed to occur by means of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was also found that the surface segregation of selenium critically affected reconstruction of the (110) surface microstructure of the FeSi alloy, resulting in the formation of (100) planes at 850°C.

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“…Steels with a high content of silicon as the main alloying element are brittle and exhibit poor workability. Therefore, researchers are replacing the practice of adding silicon with alternatives -one of them being the addition of antimony (Sb) [4] to [7]. The positive effect of an Sb addition to silicon steels is reflected in a greater remanent induction and a lower coercive force, which should lead to a smaller area for the demagnetization loop and so to smaller inductive energy losses for nonoriented electrical steel sheet [6] and [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The magnetic behaviour of electrical steels depends critically on the microstructure and the texture. Accordingly, a special design of silicon steel, by adding surfaceactive elements (i.e., Sb) is expected to give improved magnetization properties for these soft magnetic materials [4], [5] and [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial annealing treatment promotes an increase in the grain size and, additionally, Sb segregation at the grain boundaries. After cold rolling, during final annealing, the Sb prevents the nucleation of recrystallization near the original grain boundaries and decreases the formation of (111) grains [6] and [7]. In order to improve the crystallographic texture of non-oriented electrical steels, the amount of Sb should be between 0.015% and 0.15%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine-structured Morphology of a Silicon Steel Sheet after Laser Surface Alloying of Sb Powder

Petrovič

Šturm

2014

SV-JME

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An experiment was designed to investigate the feasibility of surface modifying a fully processed, non-oriented, electrical steel sheet with antimony (Sb) using laser surface alloying (LSA). The post-exposure microstructural characterization of the modified steel sheet was performed using light microscopy (LM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM/EDS). Microhardness measurements confirmed the differences in the microhardness profile along the depth direction as a result of the applied laser-alloying treatment. The additive nature of the laser treatment and the specific cooling conditions create unique solidification conditions that ensure not only a high microhardness of approximately 400 HV 0.1 of the modified layer, but also its fine-structured morphology.

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AES studies of antimony surface segregation in non-oriented silicon steel

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Influence of Antimony on the Texture and Properties of 2% Si, 0.3% Al Steel for Non-Oriented Sheet

Influence of Antimony on the Texture and Properties of 2% Si, 0.3% Al Steel for Non-Oriented Sheet

Effects of selenium surface segregation on the texture of a selenium-doped FeSi alloy

Fine-structured Morphology of a Silicon Steel Sheet after Laser Surface Alloying of Sb Powder

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